Figure 1

The 2D primitive cells of some FLGs.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(a) The band structure of a single graphene layer shows the remarkable linear dispersion of the $\pi$ bands at Fermi level $E_F=0$, in the vicinity of $K$ (the Brillouin zone is shown in inset). (b) When two graphene layers are stacked and interact, a band splitting occurs, and the linear dispersion is lost. The square indicates the domain that is magnified in Fig. 3.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Details of FLGs band structure in the vicinity of $K$, and near the Fermi level (always set as zero). (a) The valence band (VB, in blue) and the conduction band (CB, in red) of an AB trilayer exhibit a clear trigonal shape around $K$. They admit crossing points only along high-symmetry axis. (b) In the case of an ABC trilayer, there is one contact point, located on the $KM$ high-symmetry axis. (c) A similar situation occurs for the ABCA 4-layer graphite. VB and CB admit discrete crossing points. (d) The ABA trilayer presents a net crossing of bands, not only along high-symmetry axes, but for any point around $K$, creating a domain of coexistence of electrons (orange) and holes (blue). It is also characterized by the quasilinear dispersion of bands (blue and red). (e) On the same way, the ABAB 4-layer presents crossing between a hole band (blue) and an electron band (orange). (f) The bands of the ABAC 4-layers are not crossing (even along high-symmetry axes) and a gap is open.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

Schematic close-up of the bands at $E_F$. The AB bilayer (a) the ABC trilayer (b) and the ABCA 4-layer (c) do not exhibit any significant overlap $\delta \epsilon$ and present a pseudogap ${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{psg}}$. On the other hand, a large domain of coexistence is found for the ABA trilayer (d) and the ABAB 4-layer (e). Differently to the previous cases, the ABAC 4-layer (f) exhibits a gap.Reuse & Permissions