Clinical studyBone mineral density and fractures in Turner syndrome
Section snippets
Subjects
Study subjects comprised 40 women with Turner syndrome who were participants in an observational study of genotype and phenotype interaction that was conducted at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and approved by the Institutional Review Board. Participants were recruited through nationwide advertising. Women with known causes of osteoporosis or bone disease, or prior use of medications known to affect bone density, were excluded. Most women had been diagnosed at or
Results
Women with Turner syndrome were similar in age to controls (mean [± SD], 34 ± 11 years vs. 32 ± 8 years, P = 0.55). However, they were shorter (146 ± 7 cm vs. 164 ± 6 cm, P <0.0001) and had a higher body mass index (median [range], 26 [18 to 43] years vs. 23 [18-31] years, P = 0.002). The karyotypes in women with Turner syndrome were similar to those reported previously (24). These women had timely diagnoses and reported a high compliance rate with estrogen therapy; 39 of the 40 women took
Discussion
In our study of bone density in women with Turner syndrome who had undergone estrogen therapy and age-matched, healthy controls, uncorrected areal bone density measurements suggested that lumbar spine areal bone density was significantly lower, and osteoporosis was significantly more common, in women with Turner syndrome. However, these values were influenced by height and bone size, with the shortest women with Turner syndrome subject to misdiagnosis. Correction of areal bone mineral density
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Turner Syndrome: An Update
2022, Advances in PediatricsCitation Excerpt :There is no need to measure bone mineral density during childhood or adolescence unless there is an unusual clinical concern-for example, a low-impact or atraumatic fracture. Short stature is associated with the underestimation of bone mineral density obtained by DXA and results need to be normalized for bone size [113]. Size-adjusted vertebral bone mineral density is usually normal in adults with Turner syndrome that have received routine hormone replacement treatment, but it may decline dramatically with the discontinuation of treatment [114].
Turner syndrome and osteoporosis
2019, MaturitasCitation Excerpt :However, for young premenopausal women, bone mass should preferably assessed by Z-score, which is a comparison to the age- and gender-matched normal, with a Z-score ≤ -2.0 defining the low threshold for bone mass [22]. It also must be considered that dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is used for the BMD estimation, assess the area rather than the volume, thus underestimating BMD for individuals shorter than 150 cm, unless adjustments for body size are made [23]. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis among these women is estimated to be around 5564%, according to two large cohort studies [24,25].
The Efficacy of Long-Term Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Turner Syndrome Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
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