Peripheral insulin administration attenuates the increase in neuropeptide Y concentrations in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of fasted rats
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2002, Ageing Research ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Hypogonadism may be the centrepiece of this action by delaying the gonadal steroid-mediated degeneration of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Brawer et al., 1993; Leedom et al., 1994; Desjardins et al., 1995). This nucleus appears to be the brain’s blood-brain-barrier-free window to systemic circulation and, well endowed with receptors for insulin and leptin and NPY synthesizing neurons, could be critical to the regulation of food intake and energy balance (Malabu et al., 1992; Schwartz et al., 1999; Havel et al., 2000). Moreover, these neurons project to the paraventricular nucleus and both nuclei, in a feedback loop, regulate the somatotropic and reproductive axes (Aubert et al., 1998; Judd, 1998; Schwartz et al., 1999).