Organic contaminants in municipal biosolids: risk assessment, quantitative pathways analysis, and current research priorities
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Cited by (46)
Simulated leaching of PFAS from land-applied municipal biosolids at agricultural sites
2022, Journal of Contaminant HydrologyTrace contaminants in the environmental assessment of organic waste recycling in agriculture: Gaps between methods and knowledge
2022, Advances in AgronomyCitation Excerpt :Several parameters were calculated for each scenario, such as the allowed daily ingestion or the reference soil concentration that cannot be exceeded at the selected risk level. It should be underlined that the highly exposed individuals approach is very conservative because it considers that humans (adults or children) are continuously exposed to the same amount of biosolid-bound PCB (Chaney et al., 1996). Chari and Halden (2012) developed an empirical equation to estimate the aqueous-phase concentration of hydrophobic organic contaminants that could leach from biosolids and potentially reach groundwater and/or surface water.
Risk assessments for quality-assured, source-segregated composts and anaerobic digestates for a circular bioeconomy in the UK
2019, Environment InternationalCitation Excerpt :Given these concerns, key questions arise, as to: (a) how products derived from composting and AD can be made technically safe by adopting engineering controls during waste processing; (b) whether the products that emerge are inherently safe in their new uses, as evaluated by risk assessment; (c) what level of confidence citizens can have in claims for safety made by waste processors and the users of products, such as farmers; and (d) whether these residues can be declassified as wastes so their value can be secured and products marketed. In response, policy-level risk assessments (see for example, USEPA, 1995) have been used to inform these decisions that seek to balance resource efficiency with environmental safety (see Gillett, 1992; Chaney et al., 1996; Gale, 2002; Kinney et al., 2006; Brooks et al., 2012); assessments that deploy generalised scenarios for a range of end uses so to independently evaluate, albeit at a high level (i) the potential for harms to human health and the environment that might materialise from a change to legislation or from products in use; and (ii) the management controls required to maintain a reduction in any residual risk to acceptable levels. There is merit in summarising the chronology of approach to this study.
Four decades since the ban, old urban wastewater treatment plant remains a dominant source of PCBs to the environment
2019, Environmental PollutionCitation Excerpt :This level exceeds the No Observed Adverse Effects Limit (NOAEL) of 0.36 mg total PCB/kg/day but does not exceed the Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Limit (LOAEL) of 1.8 mg total PBC/kg/day for the American Robin. The mass of biosolids applied to the soil was based on a 5-year application rate, but using a more common screening time for a biosolid application period is a 10-year application (Chaney et al., 1996). Assuming PCBs do not degrade substantially in soils we would estimate the PCB soil concentration to approximately double resulting in a body burden of 0.76 mg total PCB/kg/day.