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Ultra-long palladium nanoworms by polymer grafts

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Abstract

Chemically and morphologically stable, non-aggregating palladium nanoworms with diameters of 2 nm and lengths of up to 10 nm with a graft-to polystyrene shell were synthesized in a straight-forward one-phase system, and proof for the mechanism of formation is presented. The synthesis has been achieved by the application of ω-2,2′-bipyridyl-polystyrene as stabilizer, which led to a “graft-to” structure of palladium nanoworms with polystyrene shell. The nanoworms have been characterized by TEM, XRD, and coupled GPC-UV/Vis measurement. It was possible to show that the formation of nanoworms proceeds by agglomeration of spherical palladium nanoparticles. This mechanism was transferred to ω-thiol-polystyrene as stabilizer, which results in either spherical nanoparticles (low ratio Pd:Polymer, <2 nm diameter) or high aspect ratio nanoworms (high ratio Pd:Polymer, up to 10 × 120 nm), proving that the formation of palladium nanoworms was not exclusive for pyridine/amine-based ligands.

Graphical abstract

In a straight-forward one-phase synthesis, palladium nanoworms with a graft-to polymer shell are synthesized by metal salt reduction. The picture shows a sample of palladium nanoworms with diameter of 10 nm and lengths of up to 120 nm, stabilized by ω-thiol-polystyrene.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. A. Schaper and Michael Hellwig of the Center for Materials Science Marburg for technical support for TEM measurements and DFG, Germany for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Stefan Bokern, Seema Agarwal & Andreas Greiner

  2. Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Kerstin Volz

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  1. Stefan Bokern
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  2. Kerstin Volz
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  3. Seema Agarwal
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  4. Andreas Greiner
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Correspondence to Andreas Greiner.

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Bokern, S., Volz, K., Agarwal, S. et al. Ultra-long palladium nanoworms by polymer grafts. J Nanopart Res 14, 1041 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1041-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1041-z

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