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Investigation of the antifouling constituents from the brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt

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Abstract

One of the most promising alternatives to toxic heavy metal-based paints is offered by the development of antifouling coatings in which the active ingredients are compounds naturally occurring in marine organisms and operating as natural antisettlement agents. Sessile marine macroalgae are remarkably free from settlement by fouling organisms. They produce a wide variety of chemically active metabolites in their surroundings, potentially as an aid to protect themselves against other settling organisms. In this study, a dichloromethane extract from the brown seaweed Sargassum muticum was tested in situ and, after 2 months of immersion, showed less fouling organisms on paints in which the extract was included, compared to paints containing only copper after 2 months of immersion. No barnacles or mussels have been observed on the test rack. Identification by NMR and GC/MS of the effective compound revealed the abundance of palmitic acid, a commonly found fatty acid. Pure palmitic acid showed antibacterial activity at 44 µg mL−1, and also inhibited the growth of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium at low concentration (EC50 = 45.5 µg mL−1), and the germination of Ulva lactuca spores at 3 µg mL−1. No cytotoxicity was highlighted, which is promising in the aim of the development of an environmentally friendly antifouling paint.

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Author notes

  1. Alexandra Bazes

    Present address: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Equipe Applications bioindustrielles, Université Catholique de Louvain-La-Neuve, Croix du Sud 3, boite 6, 1348, Louvain la Neuve, Belgique

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Centre de Recherche Saint Maudé, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne-Sud, 56321, Lorient Cedex, France

    Alexandra Bazes, Alla Silkina, Fabienne Faÿ, Danièle Morin & Nathalie Bourgougnon

  2. UFR de Sciences et Sciences de l’Ingénieur, Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Matière, Campus de Tohannic, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne-Sud, CER Yves Coppens, 56017, Vannes Cedex, France

    Philippe Douzenel

  3. Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France

    Nelly Kervarec

  4. Département Sciences & Techniques Alimentaires Marines, IFREMER , Rue de l’île d’Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France

    Jean-Pascal Berge

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  1. Alexandra Bazes
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Bazes, A., Silkina, A., Douzenel, P. et al. Investigation of the antifouling constituents from the brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt. J Appl Phycol 21, 395–403 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9382-9

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