Asymptomatic sequelae to acute sarin poisoning in the central and autonomic nervous system 6 months after the Tokyo subway attack

Abstract

Six to eight months after the Tokyo subway attack in March 1995, the neurophysiological effects of acute sarin poisoning were investigated in 18 passengers exposed to sarin (sarin cases) in the subways to ascertain the focal or functional brain deficits induced by sarin. The event-related and visual evoked potentials (P300 and VEP), brainstem auditory evoked potential, and electrocardiographic R-R interval variability (CV_RR), together with the score on the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist, were measured in the sarin cases and the same number of control subjects matched for sex and age. None of the sarin cases had any obvious clinical abnormalities at the time of testing. The P300 and VEP (P100) latencies in the sarin cases were significantly prolonged compared with the matched controls. In the sarin cases, the CV_RR was significantly related to serum cholinesterase (ChE) levels determined immediately after exposure; the PTSD score was not significantly associated with any neurophysiological data despite the high PTSD score in the sarin cases. These findings suggest that asymptomatic sequelae to sarin exposure, rather than PTSD, persist in the higher and visual nervous systems beyond the turnover period of ChE; sarin may have neurotoxic actions in addition to the inhibitory action on brain ChE.