Abstract
The two sperm cells of Torenia fournieri are dimorphic. The dimorphic character suggests that they might be preferentially involved in fertilization during in vivo fusion with the egg cell and central cell. To probe the mechanism of preferential fertilization, it is necessary to use the most current molecular techniques. For this purpose, populations of >1000 individuals of the two dimorphic sperm cells, Sua (unassociated with the vegetative nucleus) and Svn (associated with the vegetative nucleus) were isolated from pollen tubes that had grown out of the cut ends of the styles. The two sperm cells released from pollen tubes remained attached to one another. When the two attached sperm cells were transferred into a solution containing 0.01% cellulose, 0.01% pectinase, and 5% mannitol, the connection between the two cells disappeared, and they were easily separated using a micromanipulator. The collection of these two individual populations containing over a thousand cells will permit research on gametic recognition at the molecular level.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Higashiyama T, Kuroiwa H, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1998) Guidance in vitro of the pollen tube to the naked embryo sac of Torenia fournieri. Plant Cell 10:2019–2031
Higashiyama T, Kuroiwa H, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (2001) Pollen tube attraction by the synergid cell. Science 293:1480–1483
Hu SY, Tian HQ (2002) The Structure and Function of Male Germ Unit. In: Hu SY, Yang HY (eds) Biology of angiosperm fertilization. Beijing Science Press, Beijing, pp 59–77 (in Chinese)
Keijzer CJ, Reinders MC, Leferink-ten Klooster HB (1988) A micromanipulation method for artificial fertilization in Torenia. In: Cresti M et al (ed) Sexual reproducton in higher plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 119–124
Kranz E, Lörz H (1993) In vitro fertilization with isolated, single gametes results in zygotic embryogenesis and fertile maize plants. Plant Cell 5:739–746
Mogensen HL (1992) The male germ unit: concept, composition and significance. Int Rev Cytol 140:129–147
Russell SD (1985) Preferential fertilization in Plumbago: ultrastructural evidence for gamete-level recognition in an angiosperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6129–6132
Russell SD (1991) Isolation and characterization of sperm cells in flowering plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 42:189–204
Shivanna KR, Xu H, Taylor P, Knox RB (1988) Isolation of sperms from the pollen tubes of flowering plants during fertilization. Plant Physiol 87:647–650
Singh MB, Xu H, Bhalla PL, Zhang Z, Swoboda I, Russell SD (2002) Developmental expression of polyubiquitin genes and distribution of ubiquitinated proteins in generative and sperm cells. Sex Plant Reprod 15:325–329
Southworth D, Kwiatkowski S (1996) Arabingalactan proteins at the cell surface of Brassica sperm and Lilium sperm and generative cells. Sex Plant Reprod 9:269–272
Vági P, Martinez K, Kristóf Z (2004). Development and isolation of the male gametophyte of Torenia fournieri. Sex Plant Reprod 17:110–115
Xu H, Swobodal I, Bhalla PL, Singh MB (1999) Male gametic cell-specific expression of H2A and H3 histone genes. Plant Mol Biol 39:3607–3614
Xu HP, Tsao TH (1997) Detection and immunolocalization of glycoproteins of the plasma membrane of maize sperm cells. Protoplasma 198:125–129
Xu HP, Weterings K, Vriezen W, Feron R, Xue Y, Derksen J, Mariani C (2002) Isolation and characterization of male-germ-cell transcripts in Nicotiana tabacum. Sex Plant Reprod 14:339–346
Yang YH, Qiu YL, Xie CT, Tian HQ, Zhang Z, Russell SD (2005) Isolation of two populations of sperm cells and micro-electrophoresis of pairs of sperm cells from pollen tubes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Sex Plant Reprod 18:47–53
Zhang Z, Russell SD (1999) Sperm cell surface characteristics of Plumbago zeylanica L. in relation to transport in the embryo sac. Planta 208:539–544
Zhang Z, Tian HQ, Russell SD (1999) Localization of myosin on sperm-cell-associated membranes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Protoplasm 208:123–128
Zhang Z, Xu HL, Singh MB, Russell SD (1998) Isolation and collection of two population of viable sperm cells from the pollen of Plumbago zeylanica. Zygote 6:295–298
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30570104). The authors thank Prof. Curt Peterson for his helpful comments and revises on the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by G. C. Phillips
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, S.H., Liao, J.P., Kuang, A.X. et al. Isolation of two populations of sperm cells from the pollen tube of Torenia fournieri . Plant Cell Rep 25, 1138–1142 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0189-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0189-3