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Cell Signaling During Mammalian Early Embryo Development pp 23–52Cite as

Amino Acids and Conceptus Development During the Peri-Implantation Period of Pregnancy

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 843))

Abstract

The dialogue between the mammalian conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated membranes) involves signaling for pregnancy recognition and maintenance of pregnancy during the critical peri-implantation period of pregnancy when the stage is set for implantation and placentation that precedes fetal development. Uterine epithelial cells secrete and/or transport a wide range of molecules, including nutrients, collectively referred to as histotroph that are transported into the fetal-placental vascular system to support growth and development of the conceptus. The availability of uterine-derived histotroph has long-term consequences for the health and well-being of the fetus and the prevention of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHAD). Although mechanisms responsible for differential growth and development of the conceptus resulting in DOHAD phenomena remain unclear, epigenetic events involving methylation of DNA are likely mechanisms. Histotroph includes serine and methionine which can contribute to the one carbon pool, and arginine, lysine and histidine residues which may be targets of methylation. It is also clear that supplementing the diet with arginine enhances fetal-placental development in rodents, swine and humans through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. However, molecules secreted by conceptuses such as interferon tau in ruminants, estrogens and interferons in pigs and chorionic gonadotrophin, along with progesterone, regulate expression of genes for nutrient transporters. Understanding mechanisms whereby select nutrients regulate expression of genes in cell signaling pathways critical to conceptus development, implantation and placentation is required for improving successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals.

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Acknowledgments

Research presented in this paper was supported by USDA CSREES National Research Initiative Grant 2006-35203-17283 and Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2011-67015-20028 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2006-35203-17283 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and the World Class University (WCU) program (R31-10056) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Room 442D Kleberg, 77843, College Station, TX, USA

    Fuller W. Bazer & G. Wu

  2. Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, TX, USA

    Gregory A. Johnson

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  1. Fuller W. Bazer
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  2. Gregory A. Johnson
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  3. G. Wu
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Correspondence to Fuller W. Bazer .

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  1. Hertford Building, Hull York Medical School University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom

    Henry J. Leese

  2. St. Mary's Hospital Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Daniel R. Brison

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Bazer, F., Johnson, G., Wu, G. (2015). Amino Acids and Conceptus Development During the Peri-Implantation Period of Pregnancy. In: Leese, H., Brison, D. (eds) Cell Signaling During Mammalian Early Embryo Development. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 843. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_2

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