Stateful applied pi calculus: Observational equivalence and labelled bisimilarity

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Highlights

  • An extension of the applied pi calculus with state cells.

  • Coincidence of observational equivalence and labelled bisimilarity on private cells.

  • Proof of Abadi–Fournet's theorem in a revised version of the applied pi calculus.

  • An extension of our language with public cells.

  • Definition of labelled bisimilarity on public cells.

Abstract

We extend Abadi–Fournet's applied pi calculus with state cells, which are used to reason about protocols that store persistent information. Examples are protocols involving databases or hardware modules with internal state. We distinguish between private state cells, which are not available to the attacker, and public state cells, which arise when a private state cell is compromised by the attacker. For processes involving only private state cells we define observational equivalence and labelled bisimilarity in the same way as in the original applied pi calculus, and show that they coincide. Our result implies Abadi–Fournet's theorem – the coincidence of observational equivalence and labelled bisimilarity – in a revised version of the applied pi calculus. For processes involving public state cells, we can essentially keep the definition of observational equivalence, but need to strengthen the definition of labelled bisimulation in order to show that observational equivalence and labelled bisimilarity coincide in this case as well.

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