Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hardware Implementation of the Joint Precoding Sub-System and MIMO Detection Preprocessor in IEEE 802.11n/ac WLAN

  • Published:
Journal of Signal Processing Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The compressed beamforming weights feedback is used in the MIMO-OFDM IEEE 802.11n/ac WLAN to reduce the amount of feedback information. The precoded sub-system at the receiver side of this system needs to perform singular value decomposition (SVD) on the estimated channel matrices at all sub-carriers, and to quantize the angles representing the right singular vectors to be fed back to the transmitter. Under the exemplary scenario of four antennas at the access point and two antennas at the station, our designed architecture for the precoding sub-system can compute the quantized angles fast enough to meet the requirement of the 80 MHz bandwidth transmission for the IEEE 802.11n/ac standard. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the SVD outputs, we demonstrate algorithmic complexity reduction for computing the preprocessing QRD for the tree search detectors. Surprisingly, although additional function to provide preprocessing QRD for future signal detection, our architecture for computing both SVD and QRD requires approximately the same amount of gates as one earlier architecture to compute the SVD only.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Love, D., Heath, R. Jr, Lau, V., Gesbert, D., Rao, B. (2008). An overview of limited feedback in wireless communications systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas Communications, 26(8), 1341–1365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Perahia, E., & Stacey, R. (2013). Next generation wireless LANs 802.11n and 802.11ac, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press.

  3. Lee, J., Han, J.-K., Zhang, J. (2019). MIMO technologies in 3GPP LTE and LTE-advanced. EURASIP Journal Wireless Communication Networking.

  4. Lin, Y.-H., Chen, Y.-H., Chu, C.-Y., Zhan, C.-Z., Wu, A.-Y. (2013). Dual-mode low-complexity codebook searching algorithm and architecture for LTE/LTE-advanced systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 61 (14), 3545–3562.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu, T.-H., Chiu, C.-N., Lin, C.-Y. (2013). Fast codeword selection for limited feedback beamforming MIMO systems using breadth-first tree search. IET-Communications, 7(6), 531–537.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., Skold, J. (2011). 4G LTE/LTE-advanced for mobile broadband. Academic Press.

  7. Senning, C., Studer, C., Luethi, P., Fichtner, W. (2008). Hardware-efficient steering matrix computation architecture for MIMO communication systems. In Proc. IEEE Int. symp. circuits and systems (ISCAS) (pp. 304–307).

  8. Zhan, C.Z., Chen, Y.L., Wu, A.Y. (2012). Iterative superlinear-convergence SVD beamforming algorithm and VLSI architecture for MIMO-OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 60(6), 3264–3277.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Markovic, D., Nikolic, B., Brodersen, R.W. (2007). Power and area minimization for multidimensional signal processing. IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, 42(4), 922–934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, Y.L., Zhan, C.Z., Jheng, T.J., Wu, A.Y. (2013). Reconfigurable adaptive singular value decomposition engine design for high-throughput MIMO-OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 21(4), 747–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hwang, Y.-T., Chen, W.-D., Hong, C.-R. (2014). A low complexity geometric mean decomposition computing scheme and its high throughput VLSI implementation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 61(4), 1170–1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lin, Y.-C., Liu, T.-H., Chou, C.-P., Chu, Y.-S. (2015). Implementation of the SVD-based precoding sub-system for the compressed beamforming weights feedback in IEEE 802.11n/ac WLAN. In Proc. IEEE Int. conf. acoustics, speech, signal processing (ICASSP) (pp. 1081–1085).

  13. Cavallaro, J.R., & Elster, A.C. (1991). A CORDIC processor array for the SVD of a complex matrix. In SVD and signal processing II : algorithms, analysis and applications (pp. 227–239).

  14. Hemkumar, N.D., & Cavallaro, J.R. (1992). A systolic VLSI architecture for complex SVD. In Proc. IEEE Int. symp. circuits and systems (pp. 1061–1064).

  15. Love, D., & Heath, R. Jr. (2003). Equal gain transmission in multiple-input multiple output wireless systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 31(7), 1102–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Meher, P., Valls, J., Juang, T.-B., Sridharan, K., Maharatna, K. (2009). 50 Years of CORDIC: algorithms, architectures, and applications. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 56(9), 1893–1907.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Huang, Z.Y., & Tsai, P.Y. (2011). Efficient implementation of QR decomposition for gigabit MIMO-OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 58(10), 2531–2542.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen, C.-E., Tsai, Y.-C., Yang, C.-H. (2015). An iterative geometric mean decomposition algorithm for MIMO communications systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(1), 343–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Golub, G., & Van Loan, C. (1996). Matrix computations, 3rd edn. The Johns Hopkins University Press.

  20. Guo, Z., & Nilsson, P. (2006). Algorithm and implementation of the K-best sphere decoding for MIMO detection. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 24(3), 491–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lai, K.-C., & Lin, L.-W. (2009). Low-complexity adaptive tree search algorithm for MIMO detection. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(7), 3716–3726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, T.-H., & Chiu, C.-N. (2014). On fast preprocessing schemes for the real-valued spatially multiplexed MIMO detectors. International Journal Communication Systems, 27(2), 357–376.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Maltsev, A., Pestretsov, V., Maslennikov, R., Khoryaev, A. (2006). Triangular systolic array with reduced latency for QR decomposition of complex matrices. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. circuits and systems (ISCAS) (pp. 385–388).

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors greatly appreciate the National Chip Implementation Center of Taiwan for providing technical support over the duration of this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Communications Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Shiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan

    Cheng-Hsing Tseng & Tsung-Hsien Liu

  2. Wistron NeWeb Corp., Hsin-Chu, Taiwan

    Yang-Cheng Lin

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Shiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan

    Yuan-Sun Chu

  4. Advanced Institute for Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Rd., Min-Shiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan

    Yuan-Sun Chu

Authors
  1. Cheng-Hsing Tseng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tsung-Hsien Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yang-Cheng Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuan-Sun Chu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tsung-Hsien Liu.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This paper was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under Contract MOST 103-2221-E-194-012.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tseng, CH., Liu, TH., Lin, YC. et al. Hardware Implementation of the Joint Precoding Sub-System and MIMO Detection Preprocessor in IEEE 802.11n/ac WLAN. J Sign Process Syst 91, 875–884 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-018-1400-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-018-1400-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation