Abstract
The maximum distance and average distance of a digraph play significant roles in analyzing efficiency of interconnection networks; it provides an efficient parameter to measure the transmission delay in the network. In this paper, we use the lexicographic product method to construct a larger digraph from several specified small digraphs. The digraph constructed by this way can contain the factor digraphs as subgraphs and preserve many desirable properties of the factor digraphs. By using the extremal values way of algebra, we investigate the distance parameters of the lexicographic product of digraphs and establish a formula for the vertex distance of the lexicographic product of digraphs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sheldon, B.A., Balakrishnan, K.: A group-theoretic model for symmetric interconnection networks. IEEE Trans. Comput. 38(4), 555–566 (1989)
Feder, T.: Stable Networks and Product Graphs. Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 8, pp. 1–116. Stanford University (1995)
Fredman, M.L.: New bounds on the complexity of the shortest path problem. SIAM J. Comput. 5, 83–89 (1976)
Xu, J.M.: Topological Structure and Analysis of Interconnection Networks. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2001)
Kumar, M., Mao, Y.H., Wang, Y.H., Qiu, T.R., Yang, C., Zhang, W.P.: Fuzzy theoretic approach to signals and systems: static systems. Inf. Sci. 418, 668–702 (2017)
Zhang, W.P., Yang, J.Z., Fang, Y.L., Chen, H.Y., Mao, Y.H., Kumar, M.: Analytical fuzzy approach to biological data analysis. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 24, 563–573 (2017)
Soares, J.: Maximum distance of regular digraphs. J. Graph Theory 16, 437–450 (1992)
Knyazey, A.V.: Diameters of pseudosymmetric graphs. Mathematics Notes. 41, 473–482 (1987)
Dankelmann, P.: The diameter of directed graphs. J. Comb. Theory 94, 183–186 (2005)
Zhou, T., Xu, J.M., Liu, J.: On diameter and average distance of graphs. OR Trans. 8, 33–38 (2004)
Entringer, R.C., Jackson, D.E., Slater, P.J.: Geodetic connectivity of graphs. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 24, 460–463 (1988)
Ng, C.P., Teh, H.H.: On finite graphs of diameter 2. Nanta Math. 67, 72–75 (1966)
Plesnik, J.: On the sum of all distances in a graph or digraph. J. Graph Theory 8, 1–21 (1984)
Kouider, M., Winkler, P.: Mean distance and minimum degree. J. Graph Theory 25, 95–99 (1997)
Chung, F.R.K.: The average distance and the independence number. J. Graph Theory 12, 229–235 (1988)
Yegnanarayanan, V., Thiripurasundari, P.R.: On some graph operations and related applications. Electron. Notes Discrete Math. 33, 123–130 (2009)
Harary, F., Hayes, J., Wu, H.J.: A survey of the theory of hypercube graphs. Comput. Math Appl. 15, 277–289 (1988)
Thenmozhi, M., Sarath Chand, G.: Forecasting stock returns based on information transmission across global markets using support vector machines. Neural Comput. Appl. 27(4), 805–824 (2016)
Chung, M.: Effective near advertisement transmission method for smart-devices using inaudible high-frequencies. Multimed. Tools Appl. 75(10), 5871–5886 (2016)
Wang, W., Li, F., Lu, H.L., Xu, Z.B.: Graphs determined by their generalized characteristic polynomials. Linear Algebra Appl. 434, 1378–1387 (2011)
Bondy, J.A., Murty, U.S.R.: Graph Theory with Application. Macmillan Press, London (1976)
Li, F., Wang, W., Xu, Z.B., Zhao, H.X.: Some results on the lexicographic product of vertex-transitive graphs. Appl. Math. Lett. 24, 1924–1926 (2012)
Chong, K., Yoo, S.: Neural network prediction model for a real-time data transmission. Neural Comput. Appl. 15(3–4), 373–382 (2006)
Bashkow, T.R., Sullivan, H.: A large scale homogeneous full distributed parallel machine. In: Proceedings of 4th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, pp. 105–117 (1977)
Day, K., Al-Ayyoub, A.: Minimal fault diameter for highly resilient product networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 11, 926–930 (2000)
Georges, P.J., Mauro, D.W., Stein, M.I.: Labeling products of complete graphs with a condition at distance two. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 14, 28–35 (2001)
Fisher, M.J., Isaak, G.: Distinguishing coloring of Cartesian products of complete graphs. Discrete Math. 308, 2240–2246 (2008)
Xu, J.M.: Connectivity of Cartesian product digraphs and fault-tolerant routing of generalized hypercube. Appl. Math. 13, 179–187 (1998)
Klavzar, S.: On the canonical metric representation, average distance, and partial Hamming graphs. Eur. J. Comb. 27, 68–73 (2006)
Balbuena, C., Garcia, P., Marcote, X.: Reliability of interconnection networks modeled by a product of graphs. Networks 48, 114–120 (2006)
Chung, F.K., Coffman, E.G., Reimon, M.I.: The forwarding index of communication networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 33, 224–232 (1987)
Xu, Z.B., Li, F., Zhao, H.X.: Vertex forwarding indices of the lexicographic product of graphs. Sci. Sin. Inf. 44, 482–497 (2014). (in Chinese)
Chang, C.P., Sung, T.Y., Hsu, L.H.: Edge congestion and topological properties of crossed cubes. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 11, 64–79 (2000)
Funding
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11551002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, F. On the information transmission delay of the lexicographic product of digraphs. Photon Netw Commun 37, 187–194 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0806-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0806-4