Abstract
A quantitative model checking technique is applied to compute a day-ahead pricing for smart grids. In a smart grid system, smart meters enable bidirectional communications between electricity providers and customers. The providers can monitor the customers’ detailed electricity usage and by posting dynamically changing prices, they can shape the energy demand. We propose a model checking based day-ahead pricing technique and demonstrate the usefulness of the technique. Specifically, we model the power demand changes of various types of loads by first order differential equations while considering expected loads and price changes as external forces. Complex requirements about the customers’ energy usage, the current system state estimate, and the expected load for the next day are described in an LTL based quantitative temporal logic, called LTLC. Day-ahead prices that can satisfy the description are computed through the LTLC model checking.
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- 1.
We used c2d function of Matlab® to discretize the continuous dynamics.
- 2.
A state here is in the range of a computation path, the product of the input, output, and state variables (\(\text {I}\!\text {R}^ nu \times \text {I}\!\text {R}^ ny \times \text {I}\!\text {R}^ nx \)), not just the state variables of the LTI system.
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Acknowledgement
The authors thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments. This work was supported by MSIP, Korea under the ITCCP program (IITP-2015-R0346-15-1007) and by KEIT under the GATC program (10077300).
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Kwon, Y., Kim, E., Jeong, S., Lee, A.H. (2017). Quantitative Model Checking for a Smart Grid Pricing. In: Bertrand, N., Bortolussi, L. (eds) Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. QEST 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10503. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66335-7_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66335-7_4
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