Abstract
In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), adjusting the transmit power of a sensor node in response to the time-varying characteristics of the aquatic medium is one of the promising techniques to combat the hostile environment. It can be used to mitigate the unwanted effects of noise, fading and attenuation on data and reliably deliver it from source to destination utilizing more transmit power. For favorable channel conditions, data packets can be reached to destination at the expense of lower energy consumption. In this chapter, we propose a localization-free variable transmit power routing (LF-VTPR) protocol for UWSNs. The proposed protocol adjusts the transmit power level of the data to send in proportion to the latest link quality states of the routing trajectories. The proposed work is unique and never been done in that it does not involve calculation of position information of nodes. All the conventional and variable transmit power routing protocols that involve localization of nodes require that the three dimensional position coordinates of sensor nodes must be known. Localization is energy inefficient for the limited battery life of sensor nodes in underwater communications. Also, it is difficult to achieve when nodes change their positions with water currents. The LF-VTPR uses the depth and response time information of sensor nodes to forward data to final destination. Simulation results reveal that the scheme outperforms some of the existing schemes in terms of throughput and end-to-end delay.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Akyildiz, I.F., Pompili, D., Melodia, T.: Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges. Ad Hoc. Nwks. 3, 257–279 (2005)
Felemban, E., Shaikh, F.K., Qureshi, U.M., Sheikh, A.A., Qaisar, S.B.: Underwater Sensor network applications: a comprehensive survey. Int. J. Dist. Sen. Nwks., 1–14 (2015)
Wynn, R.B., et al.: Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): their past, present and future contributions to the advancement of marine geoscience. Mar. Gly 352, 451–468 (2014)
Khan, A.H., Jafri, M.R., Javaid, N., Khan, Z.A., Qasim, U., Imran, M.: Dynamic sink mobility equipped DBR for underwater WSNs. Proc. Com. Sci. 52, 560–567 (2015)
Hai, Y., Shi, Z.J., Cui, J.H.: DBR: depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks. In: 7th International Conference on Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks and Next Generation Internet, pp. 72–86. ACM Press, Heidelberg (2008)
Varughese, A., et al.: Distance based routing scheme for underwater sensor networks. Int. J. Appl. Inf. Sys. 4, 12–16 (2012)
Anwar, K., et al.: EEIRA: an energy efficient interference and route aware protocol for underwater WSNs. In: 10th IEEE International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, pp. 264–270. IEEE Press, Fukuoka (2016)
Wei, X.M.: Research of localization issues in underwater sensor networks. App. Mech. Mat. 157, 424–427 (2012)
Gao, M., Foh, C.M., Cai, H.: On the selection of transmission range in underwater acoustic sensor networks. MDPI Sens. 12, 4715–4729 (2012)
Cao, J., Dou, J., Dong, S.: Balance transmission mechanism in underwater acoustic sensor networks. Int. J. Dist. Sen. Nwtks, 429340 (2015)
Yang, Q., Su, Y., Jin, Z., Yao, G.: EFPC: an environmentally friendly power control scheme for underwater sensor networks. MDPI Sens. 15, 29107–29128 (2015)
Zhang, S., Li, D., Chen, J.: A link-tate based adaptive feedback routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Sens. J. 13, 4402–4412 (2013)
Chen, J., Han, Y., Li, D., Nie, J.: A link-state based adaptive feedback routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks. IEEE Sens. J. 13, 4402–4412 (2013)
Jornet, J., Stojanovic, M., Zorzi, M.: Focused beam routing protocol for underwater acoustic networks. In: 3rd ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks, pp. 75–82. ACM Press, California (2008)
Hwang, D., Kim., D.: DFR: directional flooding-based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks. In: IEEE Proceedings on OCEANS, pp. 214-221. IEEE Press, Quebec (2008)
Park, J., Lee, S., Kim, D., Hong, Y.: QoS-aware directional flooding-based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks. In: ACM Proceedings of the International Conference on Underwater Networks Systems. ACM Press, Rome (2014)
Stojanovic, M.: On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel. In: 1st ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks, pp. 34–43. ACM Press, Los Angeles (2006)
Coates, R.F.W.: Underwater Acoustic Systems. Macmillan Education, London (1989)
Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks, Los Angeles (2006)
Shin, D., Kim, D.: A dynamic NAV determination protocol in 802.11 based underwater networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE 5th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, Reykjavik, Iceland, pp. 401–405 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Khan, A., Ali, I., Mahmood, H. (2018). A Localization Free Variable Transmit Power Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Barolli, L., Enokido, T., Takizawa, M. (eds) Advances in Network-Based Information Systems. NBiS 2017. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65521-5_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65521-5_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65520-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65521-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)