| Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer one-off application on wheat growth, yield and nitrogen utilization. In the paper, the characteristics of nitrogen release, population regulation of wheat, nutrient accumulation and utilization, soil nitrogen residues and emissions of biodegradable controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer were studied in contrast with one-off application of common urea fertilizer and optimized fertilization. The results show that: comparing to the treatments of one-off application of common urea fertilization［OPT(N)］ and optimized fertilization（OPT）,spring tiller could be regulated more effectively under the treatment of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer(CRF), and percentage of earbearing tiller under CRF were increased by 7.6% and 1.5% than those under OPT(N) and OPT, respectively. Moreover, the kernel number per spike and 1 000-kernel weight could be ensured, as a result, yield of CRF was increased by 18.7% and -0.3% than those of OPT(N) and OPT,respectively.Characteristics of nitrogen release of CRF coincided the regularity of nitrogen absorption by plant, and the amount of nitrogen accumulation was increased by 24.5 kg·hm-2 compared to that of OPT(N). Meanwhile, the ratio of nitrogen translocation to grain has been improved. Efficiency of nitrogen utilization in CRF was increased by 11.7% compared to that in OPT(N), equal to that under the treatment of OPT. Content of nitrate nitrogen in different soil depth after harvest and quantity of N2O emissions in wheat season(22.7% less than that of OPT) was decreased by one-off application of CRF, and the environmental risk of nitrogen leaching and emissions reduced. The treatment of 80% CRF could still achieve the goal of increasing income and reducing emissions with the reduction of 87 kg N·hm-2, compared to the treatment of farmer practice(FP). Under the trend of lightened and simplified in modern agriculture, the technology of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer one-off application in winter wheat is expected to be popularized and applied for its advantages of cost savings, stable yield and efficiency increasing. |
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