水肥耦合对糜子干物质运转和产量的影响

王君杰<sup>1; 2</sup>; 陈 凌<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王海岗<sup>1; 2</sup>; 张盼盼<sup>3</sup>; 乔治军<sup>1; 2</sup>

王君杰，陈凌，王海岗，张盼盼，乔治军.水肥耦合对糜子干物质运转和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):140~145

水肥耦合对糜子干物质运转和产量的影响

Coupling effect of water and fertilizer on dry matter distribution and yield of dryland broomcorn millet

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.01.023

中文关键词: 糜子水肥耦合干物质运转产量

英文关键词:broomcorn millet coupling effect of water and fertilizer dry matter distribution

基金项目:农业部国家谷子糜子产业技术体系项目（CARS-07-12.5）

作者	单位
王君杰^1,2，陈凌^1,2，王海岗^1,2，张盼盼³，乔治军^1,2	（1.山西农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所，山西太原 030031；　2.农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室，山西太原 030031； 3.西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

以晋黍7号为材料，研究了不同水肥条件下糜子叶面积、净光合速率、干物质转运及产量构成因素变化。结果表明，糜子叶面积和净光合速率基本呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势，叶面积在抽穗期达到最大值，净光合速率在开花期达到最大值；各处理均以叶片干物质的移动率高于茎，茎干物质的转运率均高于叶片，茎和叶的移动率以施氮量150 kg·hm^-2、施磷量120 kg·hm^-2和保水剂60 kg·hm^-2处理最大，分别为 41.82%和43.28%；与不施肥无保水剂（CK）相比，施氮量150 kg·hm^-2、施磷量120 kg·hm^-2和保水剂60 kg·hm^-2处理的产量最高，为5 389.36 kg·hm^-2，增产36.47%；产量与有效穗数、单株穗重和主穗长呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.88、0.80和0.71。一定范围内，随着施肥量的增大，产量增加，保水剂处理比无保水剂处理产量高；施氮量150 kg·hm^-2、施磷量120 kg·hm^-2和保水剂60 kg·hm^-2处理组的糜子产量最高，茎和叶的干物质移动率最高，对籽粒的贡献率最大，为理想的水肥组合。

英文摘要:

Using Jinshu 7 as material, we studied the coupling effect of water and fertilizer treatment on photosynthesis, dry matter distribution, and yield of broomcorn millet. The results showed that leaf area and rate of net photosynthesis increased first and then decreased. Leaf area reached maximum at heading stage, whereas net photosynthesis was highest at flowering stage. The distribution of the dry matter in the leaf was higher than that in the stem. The translocation rate of dry matter for the leaf and the stem was highest for the nitrogen rate of 150 kg·hm^-2, phosphorus urea rate of 120 kg·hm^-2, or water-keep agent urea at 60 kg·hm^-2. The yield was highest when the nitrogen urea was applied at the rate of 150 kg·hm^-2, phosphorus urea 120 kg·hm^-2, water-keep agent urea 60 kg·hm^-2. Yield was positively correlated with panicle number, ear weight per plant, and ear length, with the correlation coefficients being 0.88, 0.80, and 0.7, respectively. The yield increased with fertilizer for a certain range. It is recommended that rate of 150 kg·hm^-2 for nitrogen, 120 kg·hm^-2 for hosphorus, and 60 kg·hm^-2 for water-keep agent urea should be used for dryland broomcorn millet production.

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