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Integrating Quantitative Lidar Analysis and Settlement Survey in the Belize River Valley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2017

Claire E. Ebert ,
Julie A. Hoggarth  and
Jaime J. Awe
Claire E. Ebert
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, USA
Julie A. Hoggarth
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology & Institute of Archaeology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97173 Waco, TX, USA
Jaime J. Awe
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, 5 E McConnell Dr., Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Abstract

Accurate and high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data have become increasingly important for the discovery and visualization of complete archaeological settlement systems in the Maya Lowlands. We present the results of systematic quantitative analysis of lidar data and ground verification for the major centers of Cahal Pech, Baking Pot, and Lower Dover in the Belize Valley. The Belize Valley is characterized by high density populations living in growing modern towns and villages, and by large-scale agricultural production. This urban environment presents a challenge to reconnaissance efforts since modern construction and agricultural activities have destroyed ancient ruins and created new vegetation patterns. Lidar data was analyzed within a GIS using the Topographic Position Index (TPI) to identify the location of possible archaeological remains. Small-scale, site-level TPI analysis helped identify more detailed archaeological features including small house mounds, terraces, and ditches. Results indicate that lidar data recorded for areas with dense vegetation (e.g., low brush and secondary regrowth) may be less reliable for identification of archaeological remains. The quantitative and qualitative differences between spatial analyses and pedestrian survey results among land cover types indicate that traditional settlement pattern study methods, including pedestrian survey, remain vital to ground-truthing all types of spatial data.

La información precisa y de alta información obtenida a través de la tecnología de detección y localización por láser aerotransportado (lidar por sus siglas en inglés) ha llegado a ser cada vez más importante para el descubrimiento y visualización de sistemas de asentamiento arqueológicos completos en las tierras bajas mayas. En este trabajo, presentamos los resultados del análisis cuantitativo y sistemático de datos obtenidos mediante lidar y su verificación terrestre en los sitios de Cahal Pech, Baking Pot y Lower Dower, localizados en el Valle del Río Belice. En comparación con otras regiones documentadas mediante la prospección aerotransportada lidar, el Valle de Belice se caracteriza por tener una alta densidad de población viviendo en los cada vez más grandes pueblos y aldeas modernos, así como por una producción agrícola de gran escala. Este ambiente urbano ha presentado un reto para los esfuerzos de reconocimiento ya que las construcciones modernas y las actividades agrícolas han destruido las ruinas antiguas y han creado nuevos patrones de vegetación (por ejemplo, campos agrícolas, rebrote denso). Los datos lidar fueron analizados en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS por sus siglas en inglés) usando el Índice de Posición Topográfico (TPI por sus siglas en inglés) para identificar la ubicación de posibles vestigios arqueológicos. El análisis TPI de pequeña escala y a nivel de sitio permite la identificación de rasgos arqueológicos más detallados incluyendo pequeños montículos domésticos, terrazas y zanjas. Posibles vestigios arqueológicos identificados mediante los análisis TPI fueron comparados con prospección arqueológica terrestre. Los resultados indican que la información lidar registrada en áreas con vegetación densa puede ser menos confiable para la identificación de vestigios arqueológicos en comparación con la registrada en espacios más abiertos. Las diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas entre los resultados de las prospecciones arqueológicas terrestre y TPI y entre los tipos de cobertura del suelo indica que los métodos tradicionales para estudiar los patrones de asentamiento, tales como la prospección terrestre, permanecen siendo vitales para verificar todos los tipos de datos espaciales.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in Archaeological Practice , Volume 4 , Issue 3: Special Issue: Progression and Issues in the Mesoamerican Geospatial Revolution , August 2016 , pp. 284 - 300
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2016

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