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  • 學位論文

中國「大國外交」的戰略意涵

The Strategical Indication of China's「Big-Power Diplomacy」

指導教授 : 趙春山

摘要


事物的客觀存在與發展,不以主觀意志為轉移。按照馬克思主義哲學的觀點,任何事物,無論是自然、社會、歷史,還是人類思維,都存在不以人的主觀意志為轉移的客觀規律。由此觀察人類歷史演進,「爭霸」始終是國際間「大國外交」策略的具體展現,這是一個客觀存在的歷史規律。當代的中國雖曾一再宣示「永不稱霸」,然而在當前世界「一超多強」格局的情況下,中國欲藉由推行大國外交,達成「多極化」世界的長程戰略規劃,顯然與國際現狀形成矛盾。因此,中國「大國外交」的戰略意涵,即使不意謂「稱霸」,也意謂著必須「爭霸」。自1949年中國共產黨政權建立以來,中國的外交政策有著連續性、全局性、戰略性宏觀考量的特色,雖然中國外交政策不常改變,但也並非從來不變。中國根據當前國際戰略格局的分析,認為大國關係是決定未來國際戰略情勢發展的關鍵因素。大國之間的互動,將會決定未來國際體系的運作與穩定,中國也需要一個和平的國際環境來發展其綜合國力。中國自鄧小平主政後,在外交上以客觀戰略環境觀察國家利益所形成的外交戰略思想,完全取代了毛澤東時期,以主觀意識型態對抗為主的外交戰略思維。「國家利益」成為中國外交戰略的核心價值所在,亦為西方國際關係理論中,現實主義觀點的核心論述。「國家利益」並非只是一個抽象概念,是由構成國家利益內容的客觀存在決定的,是國民集體利益的總合。本文從「國家利益」觀點,探究了中國推行「大國外交」在政治、安全、經濟、文化等層面的利益所在。中國推行「大國外交」其最大的戰略目的,即為解構當前以美國為首的「一超多強」格局,建立「多極化」世界。而所謂「多極化」,如果不是意謂著美國國力下降,不足以維持其「一超」地位,就是意謂著中國的國力上升,成為另一個「超強」。這顯然與美國的國家利益產生巨大衝突,所以中國藉由其崛起的綜合國力來推行「大國外交」,無疑對於當前國際政治的「權力平衡」,將會產生巨大影響,也因此必然會面臨其他大國的嚴峻挑戰。

並列摘要


The objective existence does not transfer with subjective will. According to Marxist philosophy, nothing transfers with human’s subjective will no matter on science, social studies, history, or human thoughts. Thus, by observing human civilization, “struggling for supremacy” has always been a specific expression between nations to show the “big-power diplomacy.” This is an objective historical routine. Even though the contemporary mainland China has been claiming on “never struggling for supremacy,” however, under the current circumstance of “one-super multi-powers,” China plans to achieve the long-term “multi-world“ by carrying out “big-power diplomacy”. This is obviously a conflict compared to current international conditions. Therefore, China’s “big -power diplomacy” means “struggling for supremacy.” Since the Chinese Communist Party(CCP) established its power in 1949, Chinese diplomacy has had the character of continuity, overall situation, and strategies. Although Chinese diplomacy does not change often, this does not mean it never changes. China thinks that big-power relations is the key to determine international future development according to current international strategy analysis. Interactions between powerful nations will determine the future international appliance and stability. At the same time, China also needs a peaceful international environment to develop its power.Since Deng Xiaoping’s charging of the nation, the diplomatic strategy followed by observing national interests on an objective strategy environment has completely replaced the one during Mao period when the diplomatic strategy was based on subjective consciousness. “National interests” has become the main value of Chinese diplomatic strategy. It is not only an abstract concept but is determined by its objective existence and a totality of national collective interests. The thesis investigates the Chinese “big-power diplomacy” on its political, secure, economical, and cultural interests from the “national interests” point of view. The biggest strategic purpose of China’s “big-power diplomacy” is to deconstruct the “one-super power and multi-powers” layout led by America and to establish a “multi-powers” world. If the “multi- powers” doesn’t mean the American descending to maintain its “one-super power” position, it must have the meaning of Chinese power mounting to be another “super-power”. This has a large conflict onAmerican national benefits. Therefore, China carries out the “big-power diplomacy” by its mounting integrating power. Undoubtedly, this will result in tremendous influence for current international political “powers-balance” and thus will face severe challenges from other “big-power”.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


趙曉雲(2010)。民進黨執政時期的外交決策之研究 (2000—2008年)〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2010.00968
王文澤(2010)。中共政治菁英培養之研究〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2010.00403

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