In this era of knowledge-based economy, the science and technology competitiveness is the key factor that will boost the country’s economy development. Therefore, it is an important issue to understand the relative efficiency and effectiveness of the resource operation of countries all over the world in the course of developing in science and technology innovation. And the outcome of such research could serve as a basis of reference for a country’s science and technology policy-making and resource allocation. The purpose of this paper was to establish a structure and approach to objectively evaluate the science and technology competitiveness, and to quantify “the relative efficiency and effectiveness of the science and technology development”. This paper was based on the indicators and statistical data of the IMD’s world competitiveness yearbook, and applied the DEA theory to evaluate and analyze the relative efficiency and effectiveness of the science and technology competitiveness, change and the trend of development in more than 50 countries during 16 years, from 1993 to 2008. It also aimed at finding out the difference of the long-term relative efficiency and effectiveness between each country’s, including the G7 states and the East Asia countries. Meanwhile this study also applied the moving grey forecasting method to predict on the science and technology development in the future so that each government could be assisted in their science and technology policy-making.