Mishiro Hamano, a Taiwan official civil engineer, had an effective influence on Taiwanese urban design and sanitary engineering when Japanese government ruled Taiwan. Mishiro Hamano, "an imperially hired foreigner" in Taiwan, was also the student of W.K. Burton, who was engaged in the Taiwanese sanitary engineering investigation. In 1896 August, Mishiro Hamano and W.K. Burton both came to Taiwan and started the field study. After investigation, they proposed abundant reports to improve the bad hygienic environment and change the flawed traditional blocks design. Unfortunately, W.K. Burton died of malaria in Tokyo after working on sanitary engineering for three years. After that, Mishiro Hamano had been serving in Taiwan until 1919. He developed the W.K. Burton's concept and implied it on every important construction in Taiwan. Following the chapters below, the author attends to analyze how greatly the influence of Mishiro Hamano did to Taiwan from the initial stage to the middle stage. Chapter1 Study motive, Intention, Study field and Study method. Chapter2 The study experience, background and the Taiwan environment before Mishiro Hamano and sanitary engineering, W.K Burton. Chapter3 The classified "Sanitary investigation" period: the related activities, careers and documents of Mishiro Hamano and W.K Burton. Chapter4 The classified "urban-rural development" period: the involved city and countryside construction and related reports of Mishiro Hamano and W.K. Burton. Chapter5 Introducing the concept of "urban-rural development" from East and West with Mishiro Hamano to understand how effectively Mishiro Hamano exert an influence on Taiwan. Chapter6 Combing all the chapters mentioned to criticize the evalue and contribution of Mishiro Hamano to Taiwan modernization including to build and continue sanitary investigation, to introduce and practice the modern "urban-rural development" concept, and to enlighten the urban design and so on.