華人工作狂的概念建構：「內在驅迫」的動機觀

過去的工作狂研究，定義繁多而未有共識，在工作表現上亦呈現不同結果，顯示此概念未被全然了解。工作狂的核心概念為「一股無法控制的內在驅迫」，促使個體展現超時與強迫工作的行為，而此內在驅迫的內涵尚待釐清。內在驅迫為個體的內在動機，此一內在動機會受到文化的牽引，並在文化的塑造下展現獨特的內涵。有鑑於此，本研究以華人儒家文化視角切入，發現儒家思想中以個人具備高尚德行為美，並以「仁道」指引個人負起相應責任進而做出合宜行為，包含犧牲奉獻與孜孜不倦的精神。由於工作狂研究缺乏文化動機的相關概念論述，故本研究從儒家倫理角度出發，搭配關鍵事例法，以「內在驅迫」的動機觀建構華人工作狂內涵，並探討其與西方工作狂之異同。本研究總共發放175份問卷，有效問卷91份、合計163則事例。結果顯示：華人工作狂以「人際和諧」、「工作投入」，搭配「正己」至「達人」的意涵組成四個向度。若「人際和諧」內涵偏往「正己」，屬於「無愧於心」向度；偏往「達人」，則屬於「敬業樂群」向度。若「工作投入」內涵偏往「正己」，屬於「安分守己」向度；偏往「達人」，則屬於「犧牲奉獻」向度。

關鍵字

工作狂；內在驅迫；儒家倫理；責任義務

並列摘要

In the past, there are many definitions for workaholism but we could not reach a consensus on it. Moreover, the effect of workaholism on job performance also showed different results, which indicating that the concept of workaholism has not been fully understood. The review of previous research suggests that the core concept of workaholism is "an uncontrollable inner drive" that forced individuals to work overtime and feel compulsive to work. Accordingly, the meaning of this inner drive has yet to be clarified. The inner drive is an intrinsic motivation of the individual, which is culturally driven and culturally shaped to develop unique connotations. In view of this, this study takes a view to the Chinese Confucian culture and finds that Confucianism is based on the individual's virtue and the "Benevolence" that guides the individual to take responsibility for appropriate behavior, including the spirit of sacrifice and tirelessness, which may be the reason why the Chinese are so diligent and energetic in their work performance. Since workaholism research is in a lack of accounting conceptual which is related to cultural dynamics, this study starts from Confucian ethics and critical incident technique to construct the connotation of Chinese workaholism with an "inner drive" view of dynamics and to explore its similarities and differences with Western workaholism. In this study, a total of 175 quetionnaires were distributed and only 91 valid questionnaires which contain 163 incidents were returned. The four domains were "Interpersonal Harmony", "Job Involvement", "Self-requirements", and "Reaching out to others". In "Interpersonal Harmony", if the "Self-requirements" dimension is preferred, then it will be the "Feel no compunction" dimension. If the "Reaching out to others" dimension is preferred, it will be the "Diligent and sociable" dimension. In the "Job Involvement" dimension, if it is inclined to the "Self-requirements" dimension, it will be in the direction of "Keep on the rails". If it is inclined to the "Reaching out to others" dimension, it will be in the direction of "Sacrificing for righteousness".