本研究以個案企業—跨國際電子化學品製造商的供應鏈為研究背景,研究的目的在於解決個案企業的供應鏈存貨控制問題,並且決定適當的存貨水準及建立可預知供應鏈作業績效的管理工具。 本研究的研究方法是運用離散型模擬的方法來建構個案企業的供應鏈模式,目的是設計出呈現產銷作業中動態的供需過程及庫存狀態的供應鏈模擬系統。模擬的結果為供應鏈績效評估報表,包括達交率、訂單週期、存貨金額、存貨持有成本、生產成本、銷售成本、銷售收入及資源設備利用率等。 本研究所設計的四階供應鏈模型,具有客戶的需求型態不固定及供給的前置時間也不固定的特點。供應鏈成員包含四個原料供應商、一家製造工廠、一家配銷中心、兩家區域零售商及其客戶。每個供應鏈成員皆服從定期盤存(R, s, S)存貨控制系統。研究的目標是透過調整零售商端的再訂購點及最高訂購量,讓個案企業的供應鏈可以得到較好的績效;亦即較低的庫存水準、較高的毛利及終端客戶獲得較高的服務水準。 本研究的目的在選擇出使得供應鏈績效指標較佳化的模擬,亦即決定適合的存貨政策。研究結果在管理意涵上,說明了對於跨國際企業而言,在區域零售商宜儲放適量的庫存,過度的提高庫存量對於提高達交率的幅度有限,而對於整體供應鏈績效指標反而有害。
This research focuses on the case enterprise, a multinational specialty chemical company. The purpose is to solve its inventory control problem in supply chain. In this study, an efficient tool was developed to enhance supply chain management in order to decide inventory level appropriataely and predict the performance of supply chain operation. The research approach employed the discrete simulation the supply chain of case enterprise. The purpose is to design a supply chain simulation system in order to investgate its dynamic demand and stock status in practice. The system output includes performance measures such as strike rate, order cycle time, inventory performance , inventory holding expenses, production cost, selling cost, sales revenue and resource utilization . This study considers a four-echelon inventory system with uncertain demand and supply. There are four suppliers of raw material /packaging, one manufacturer, one distribution center, two retailers and its customers in system. Each member follows a periodic review (R, s, S) policy. The scenarios are designed by varying Re-order point (ROP) and Order-up-to level (OUL), the goal is to determine inventory policy for obtaining better performance in supply chain, such as lower inventory level, higher gross profit and higher service level at customer side. The contributions of this research is to choose the better simulation parameter to optimize the supply chain performance indicator by means of determining the appropriate inventory control policy. From the management point of view, the findings indicated that international interprise should store right amount of stock in reginal retailer. Increase stock overly had limited benefit to delivery performance, but high inventory level caused considerable negative impact on the performance of entire supply chain.