The purpose of this study was to explore the aspects of teacher education system in Taiwan since the Restoration. By adopting literature review and document analysis method, the study mainly focused on the development context of teacher education in Taiwan since the Restoration and overview of current teacher education in Taiwan, profiles of teacher education from oversea evolution, current issues relevant to teacher education in Taiwan as well as effective strategies to the same issues. The conclusions and suggestions of the study were revealed and can be provided for the Education Administration as reference. The conclusions of this study were induced as follows: 1. Teacher education system in Taiwan since the Restoration shifted from a one channel, planned cultivation system to a diverse channels, reserved cultivation one. 2. There are some distinguishing features of teacher education overseas and they are worthy of note, including the phased examination, beginning teacher program, teacher career ladder program or teacher certificate upgrading system. 3. Current teacher education system in Taiwan faces the challenges and needs timely actions, including imbalance between teacher supply and demand, imperfect teacher career development, lack of national agency in charge for teacher education affairs, ineffective execution of practical training, as well as the low ratio of education funding. Based on the above, the main suggestions of this study were as follows: 1. Seek the balance between mechanism of the number of teachers and teacher quality improvement so as to meet the targets of “less quantity and more quality” and “preserving the superior and eliminating the inferior”. 2. Establish the complete teacher career development system in order to offer sustainable development circumstance. 3. Set up a national agency only responsible for teacher education as soon as possible so as to govern related affairs. 4. Plan the practical training system maturely in order to cultivate excellent teachers. 5. Increase education funding for coping with the challenges that current teacher education system faces.