This thesis mainly discusses a different types of the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool structure, application of Experimental Modal Analysis and Finite Element Method to carry out the structure of the system dynamics analysis, but for the increasingly complex structure of the machine tool, connection type for whole dynamic structure characteristics of the two structural elements have a significant impact, this article would use the ANSYS Finite Element Method, two types of machines about architecture of the hard track and tracks are finite element model, theoretical analysis of the simulation of structural systems, investigate it's natural frequencies, mode shapes and interface stiffness etc. and through the Mechanism analysis software “RecurDyn” to solve the rigid-bod and flexible-body analysis, inertial vibration generated in the simulation of the structure moves for the dynamic effects of the base、column and contact stress etc. and then the application of Experimental Modal Analysis, using the LDS spectrum analyzer, measuring spindle head produce frequency response function at the actual operation processing, and than used the ME's cope post-processing software obtained the actual structure of the modal frequencies, mode shapes, etc. to proof and evaluate the modal parameters, finally, using the topology optimization analysis to improvement the structural design, to use as reference of the modifications and design in the future.