Head and neck cancer has been one of the ten leading causes of cancer death in Taiwan since 1982. Oral cavity cancer, particularly, was the cancer with the most prominent incidence and mortality in men that got cancer during the last decade. Oral cavity cancer was also the cancer most vulnerable to the young- and middle-aged male. Once cancer developed in the head and neck area, it would affect the physiological functions of body and had negative impact psychologically. The objectives of this study were to understand the level of patients’ literacy about head and neck cancer, and further to explore the relationship between the cancer literacy and the cancer-related behavior, and the willing of participating cancer screening. The planned methods of this study were cross-sectional survey by means of questionnaires and purposive sampling from the outpatients (N = 300) of Department of Otorhinolaryngology in a medical center of mid-Taiwan. The results of this study showed that there were good reliability and validity (KR-20, 0.829; CVI, 0.90). The mean knowledge score about head and neck cancer was 12.82 + 3.58, which was influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics, such as age and education (P < 0.05). The knowledge score was not related to the cancer-related behavior, but on the contrary to the willing of participating cancer screening. The conclusion of this study was that whether this knowledge of head and neck cancer translated into behavior change still to be determined, which needed the Department of health to develop cancer prevention and treatment in the future.