Background: The distressing symptoms and care needs among patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving induction chemotherapy are important but rarely explored in Taiwan. Purpose: This study focused on the severity and changes in distressing symptoms and care needs of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia underwent induction chemotherapy and investigated the relevant predictive demographic factors. Methods: This was a longitudinal prospective study using convenience sampling and structured questionnaires to collect data in acute myeloid leukemia patient at day 0 and day 7, day 14, and day 24 post induction chemotherapy. Results: A total of 37 patients participated, and results showed that: (1) the severity of distressing symptoms was highest at day 7 (mean score 40.1) and lowest at day 21 (mean score 36.4) after chemotherapy. (2) the first three most common distressing symptoms across all study time points were poor sleep, lack of appetite, and sense of fatigue. (3) patients' need for health system and medical information was the highest at day 0, while the need for supportive care was the highest at day 7, day 14, and day 21 after chemotherapy. (4) the increase in the severity of distress between the date of chemotherapy and day 7 after chemotherapy for patients without disease remission was higher than that of those with disease remission, and the difference reached statistical significance. (5) this study discovered that the change in patients' care needs was significantly affected by age, educational level, working condition, marital status, and religious belief. From the date of chemotherapy to day 7 after the chemotherapy, the increase in the care needs of patients ≥50 years old, educational background is junior high school and under, employed, married was higher. Moreover, from the date of chemotherapy to day 7, day 14, and day 21 after the treatment, the increase in the care needs of patients with a religious belief was higher than that of those without one. The changes above all reached statistical significance. Conclusions/Implications for practice: According to our results, medical personnel should vigorously provide appropriate care to relieve both physical and emotional distress during the course of induction chemotherapy; moreover, it is advised to take into account the demographic factors to satisfy patients' needs for care and support in a timely and appropriate manner.