Under very fast and intensive social change in the recent twenty years, elementary and secondary school education in Taiwan has been criticized and pushed toward constant innovations, among them curriculum reform is one important field gaining much concern. Textbook editing and publishing has always occupied the central platform of curriculum reform and implementation. This has switched from a single national edition to multiple commercial editions offering schools free choices. However, while schools enjoy free choices, students must still compete for entrance to higher-level education provided by senior high schools, colleges and universities. They have started to show concern about multiple textbook editions and the scope of test item writing of entrance examinations. In additional to students' concerns, this paper also analyzes other problems related to textbook writing' such as textbook research, development, editing, review, adoption, and evaluation under the new textbook system in Taiwan.