透過您的圖書館登入
IP:44.213.80.203
  • 學位論文

台灣傳統紙錢製造業作業環境中多環芳香烴化合物特性分析與作業人員暴露危害之探討

PAH characteristic analysis of joss paper manufacturing environments and health risk study on the environmental exposure of workers in Taiwan

指導教授 : 謝連德

摘要


本研究係針對台灣傳統竹製紙錢製造業之作業場所及周遭環境進行空氣中多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)分布特性分析,同時進一步對現場作業人員之危害進行討論。本研究選定台南某一傳統竹製(刺竹)紙錢製造廠為採樣地點,利用個人階梯衝擊式採樣器 ( Marple )、PM2.5、PM10個人式環境採樣器(PEM)採集現場作業場所空氣樣本,另利用微孔均勻沉積衝擊器(MOUDI)採集戶外環境空氣樣本,採集的所有樣本濾紙進行萃取、濃縮、淨化、再濃縮等程序得到檢測樣本後、以氣相層析儀/質譜儀(GC/MS)進行21種PAHs成分之定性與定量分析。 本研究所得結果歸納如下:(1)作業場所總懸浮微粒(TSP)質量濃度高出採樣期間新營監測站之監測濃度。(2)作業場所懸浮微粒(PM)粒徑呈現單峰分布,主要分布於14.8μm ~21.3μm之間,占總採樣質量濃度的38.96%,顯示作業場所以粗微粒為主;戶外環境懸浮微粒(PM)粒徑呈雙峰分布,主峰分布於0.35μm ~0.56μm之間,次峰分布於1.0μm ~1.8μm之間,兩者占總採樣質量濃度的33.57%,顯示戶外環境以細微粒為主。(3) 作業場所21種PAHs成分以Nap、PA、Flu為主要成分,分別占總PAHs濃度之52.47%、16.48%及7.73%。(4)作業場所21種PAHs環數分布,主要以二環、三環等低分子量PAHs為主。(5)作業場所總BaPeq為5.45~62.17 ng/m3,戶外環境總BaPeq為23.86 ng/m3。(6)推估作業人員PAHs暴露量,得到842.15~5965.80ng/d。以MOUDI採集換算之暴露量為874.56 ng/d。(7)傳統竹製紙錢之PAHs以氣相為主,且與紙錢原料呈現正相關。(8)戶外PAHs來源與鄰近省道之交通污染源呈現正相關。 (9)傳統竹製紙錢總PAHs濃度會因燃燒過程而提高。(10)本研究結果建議作業場所應評估設置通風排氣設施,降低室內相關數值,並提供現場作業人員適當的呼吸防護具,以減少現場作業人員的暴露量。

並列摘要


This study focused on a characteristic analysis of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distribution in air in traditional joss paper manufacturing environments, and also evaluated the health risks of field operators. A joss paper manufacturing factory in Tainan, Taiwan, was used as the sampling site. Air sampling in the indoor environment was performed using a personal air sampling pump (PM2.5 and PM10 PEM, Marple), and an outdoor sample was collected using a MOUDI. All filter papers were extracted, concentrated, purified, and reconcentrated, yielding samples that underwent gas chromatography–mass spectrometry qualitative analysis; in addition, quantitative analysis of 21 individual PAHs was performed. The study results reveal the following: (1) The total suspended particulate concentration in the indoor environment was higher than that measured by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency at air quality monitoring stations (Xin-Ying) during the sample collecting period. (2) The particle size (particulate matter [PM]) in the indoor environment was distributed as a single peak, primarily between 14.8μm and 21.3μm, an amount that was 38.96% of the total sampling density; the particles were mostly coarse (PM10). The outdoor particle size (PM) was distributed as twin peaks, of which the main and secondary peaks were distributed over 0.35 μm–0.56 μm and 1.0 μm–1.8 μm, respectively. The percentage of both peaks was 33.57% of the total sampling density; the particles were mostly fine (PM2.5). (3) Nap, PA, and Flu were the main components in the 21 PAHs analyzed in the indoor environment, comprising 52.47%, 16.48%, and 7.73% of the total PAH density. (4) The distribution of the 21 PAHs in the indoor environment primarily included Nap, AcPy, and Acp, all of which have low molecular weights. (5) The total benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic potency was 5.45–62.17 ng/m3 in the indoor environment and 23.86 ng/m3 in the outdoor environment. (6) The density assessment of worker PAHs exposure yielded 842.15–5965.80 ng/d, which was converted into 874.56 ng/d by using the MOUDI. (7) The PAHs in joss paper manufacturing environments normally exist in vapor and are positively correlated with the paper material. (8) The PAHs in the outdoor environment are positively correlated with the traffic air pollution near county roads. (9) The PAH density increases when traditional joss paper is burned. (10) To reduce the indoor PAH density, an exhaust ventilation system should be installed, and appropriate protective masks should be provided for workers to reduce PAH exposure.

參考文獻


康崇豪,2014,南台灣觀光夜市市集空氣中懸浮微粒之多環芳香烴化合物特徵,碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學,環境工程與科學系,第41-42頁,屏東。
吳孟和,2014,觀光夜市周界大氣環境中多環芳香烴化合物特徵之研究,碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學,環境工程與科學系,第39-43頁,屏東。
林佳薇,2014,台灣南部地區細懸浮微粒之特徵,碩士論文,國立成功大學,環境工程學系,台南。
黃惠卿,2010,亞洲沙塵暴對台北地區居民日死亡數影響之研究,碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,職業醫學與工業衛生研究所,台北。
室內空氣品質管理法,2012,行政院環境保護署,台灣。

延伸閱讀