Background: Falls cause physical and psychological damages, threats quality of life, and negatively impacts on medical and social resources; therefore indicate a critical health issue among elderly community dwellers in Taiwan. An effective strategy to preventing falling among elderly community dwellers includes: reducing the incidence of falling, identifying high risk population, and risk factors relating to falling. Objective：The objectives of the study were to explore the relationships among demographics, depression, chronic diseases, cognitive function, and neighborhood quality, along with falls among community-dwelling older adults of Taiwan. Methods：Based on a multi-stage stratified systematic sampling design, the data were collected from the elderly in Budai, Zhuchi, Luijiao and Minshiung Townships of Chiayi County. The first-wave survey was conducted from 1999 to 2001, and the second-wave survey from 2008 to 2011. A total of 376 subjects were recruited. Their ages ranged from 65 to 74 years old in 1999, with a male to female ratio of 52 to 48. Instruments used for the study included demographics, the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ), chronic diseases, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), and the Neighborhood Quality Index (NQI). Results：Based upon the model 7, gender (female), depression, chronic diseases (liver and gall diseases and spine bone spurs), and the safety subscale of neighborhood quality in index were related to falls within the past one year (p<0.05). Conclusion：Falls results from physical, psychosocial, social, and those interrelated. Prevention elderly community dwellers program included controlling for chronic disease, encouraging social participation, and safer home environment.