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  • 學位論文

王弼《老子注》的形上學與當代詮釋

Metaphysical Theory and Modern Interpretation of Wang Bi’s Commentary on Laotz

指導教授 : 杜保瑞
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摘要


為了更加貼近王弼文本,做出較忠實的思想詮釋,我們需要時時反省自己進行文本詮釋時的可能預設。因此,本文從王弼形上學詮釋的當代成果出發,在許多我們或已習以為常的文本解讀方式中,藉由找出這些詮釋的可能預設,使彼此意見紛歧的原因得以在比較清楚的問題陳述下聚焦。最後,回到王弼的原文基礎上回答這些問題。經過某些特定預設的修正,筆者會提出自己認為對王弼原文是適當的理解。 序論裡,介紹本文對王弼原文的理解角度與詮釋方法:王弼《老子注》作為一份「注解」的體裁性質應被正視;而理解這份文本的具體方法則應注意王弼寫作中呈顯出之特色,透過他個人的寫作習慣(釋疑風格、鏈體結構與交錯編織的注解法)去把握他的想法。 第二章和第三章為本文主體,分別從當代詮釋「宇宙論」和「本體論」對立區分的理論框架切入: 在「王弼思想裡有沒有宇宙論」這點上,當代詮釋意見相互分歧,因為這牽涉到「宇宙論」可能與其「本體論」思想成份衝突的問題。不過,宇宙論與本體論之理論衝突只可能發生在「宇宙發生論」那種型態之宇宙論中,而王弼其實並沒有宇宙發生論主張,只要將他文中的「有」這個詞從個例之有去理解就能順通。 而「本體論」這個詞在當代學界中的使用本身就有很大歧義。為了聚焦討論,至少需要往兩個方向上為它意義溯源,一是西方Ontology的存有學意義,一是中文裡「『本體』論」的體用討論,兩種用來理解王弼的「本體論」型態都在王弼詮釋上留下需要修正的問題:存有學的「無」很難與實用性接軌;而「體用」並非王弼自己的概念工具。 此外,本文對王弼《老子注》形上學最重要的詮釋意見,是從王弼舉出的兩大稱謂──「道」與「玄」(「路徑」隱喻與「背景」隱喻)上去描繪萬物宗主,由之顯示王弼的思想重點:萬物最理想的生成長養之路乃是隱於其生存背景不被統治者明察認知。理想統治是以這種「無」(不介入)的方式,不以人有限的「形名」認知能力介入世界原本的運作秩序,使世界保持其原發性的和諧。

關鍵字

王弼 本體論 宇宙論

並列摘要


To acquire a more faithful interpretation of Wang Bi’s text, it is necessary to reflect what presumptions may work when we interpret it. Therefore, I started from examining the probable “prejudices” in modern interpretations of Wang Bi, especially the reason why different interpretations diverse in some specifically texts. This elaboration leaded us to questions which are more focused and clearer then we ever had. Ultimately, these questions in interpretations of Wang Bi should be answered by Wang’s text itself, so an attentively adjusted interpretation for each (relatively) appropriate unit of textual length would be proposed in the end. The methodology and methods of this research were introduced in chapter 1. First of all, Wang Bi’s Commentary on Laotz should be considered as a work of commentary, not a free creation of his own. Secondly, the methods of understanding him come from his personal writing style: the problem-solving-oriented style, the interlocking parallel style, and the style of interweaving keywords. Chapter 2 discusses the cosmological controversies in modern interpretations. Scholars disagreed on the question of whether Wang Bi constructed his cosmology, because if he did, this cosmology of “wu(無)” may be inconsistent with his own ontology. But in fact, this phantom can only threaten if his “cosmology” discourse the progress of the birth of the Universe, which he actually didn’t explicate. The most important thing to avoid misreading Wang’s texts, is to read the term “you(有)” not as “the whole existence” but as each incidence of existences. In chapter 3, we would face the extraordinary ambiguity in the meaning of “Ontology” used in modern Chinese philosophy. To clarify its meaning, we need to find the source of this term. There are two different prototype of “Ontology”, one comes from Western philosophy; and the other is the traditional “ti-yong(體用)” thoughts. Each of the two meanings of “Ontology” leads to some problems: the former meaning does not afford the pragmatic acquirement of Wang Bi’s “wu”; and the later was not really used by Wang Bi. Here’s the most significant point in my interpretation of Wang Bi’s Commentary on Laotz: his metaphysical theory was built on two main metaphors — “Dao”, a metaphor of road or way, and “Xuan/the Dark”, a metaphor of the background outside our cognitive focus. He suggested: the ideal way for everything to maintain their existence is to hide itself in its background. Therefore, the sovereigns should not see and intervene in his people’s life, in order that everything goes in a harmony as it originally does.

並列關鍵字

Wang Bi Ontology Cosmology Dao Xuan/the Dark

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


高子嬿(2015)。《中論》與《老子》的實踐策略探析〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2015.00576
申晏羽(2015)。《莊子》的挑戰:論郭象如何詮釋《莊子》〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.02226

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