Global warming has led to frequently extreme disasters which have seriously threatened human productivity, living style, and safety. The causes of climate change and the prediction of future climate are common demands faced by human society today. Since modern monitoring records are relatively short which limits our understanding of climate evolution on longer-than-annual scales, it is very important for us to understand climate evolution and its forcing mechanism. With such knowledge, global decision-makers are able to formulate more scientific and reasonable climate strategies for guiding human life. In this study, the climate change during 8.6 ka BP-1.7 ka BP in Guizhou province, southwest China has been reconstructed by a 647-mm long stalagmite collected from Majiaping Cave. Although multiple dating methods such as 14C, 230Th/U, 210Pb and lamination counting were used for the stalagmite, its final chronology was based on 76 good AMS 14C dates. With the accurate chronolgy high-resolution stable isotopic (δ18O, δ13C) and trace elemental (Sr, Mg, Ba, Cu, Fe) records, as well as comparisons with other geological records, this study focuses on the following issues: 1) the meaning of speleothem δ18O at different time scales and their influence mechanisms; 2) the meaning of δ13C and trace elements in the stalagmite; 3) period and duration of Holocene optimum. The main conclusions of this study are as follows： 1) The 14C dating method can establish a reliable chronology for stalagmites that cannot be dated by 230Th/U. In this study, the influence of dead carbon in the MJP stalagmite is small (within the age uncertainty) and relatively stable. 2) On the orbital timescale, the long-term trend δ18O of MJP stalagmite is controlled by the changes of northern hemisphere summer insolation. The consistent long-term δ18O trends among all monsoonal regions in the low latitudes of the northern hemisphere indicate that the orbital δ18O trend reflects changes in large-scale spatial circulation of the atmosphere, which affect "global monsoon system". Variations of “monsoon intensity”, “ITCZ position” and “westerly position” all contribute partially to the atmospheric circulation changes. 3) On the millennium timescale, the δ18O of MJP stalagmite showed 8 weak East Asian summer monsoon events during 8.2ka BP、7.3 ka BP、5.9 ka BP、5.5 ka BP、4.2 ka BP、3.1 ka BP、2.4 ka BP、1.9 ka BP. The first 7 events corresponded to the low-value of total solar irradiance (TSI), and correlated with the cold events shown in the δ18O of Greenlane ice core (NGRIP1), the ice-rafted detritus in North Atlantic and sea surface temperature (SST) in Niño 3.4 area. However, the 1.9 ka event only existed in the MJP record and the SST record, indicating that this event could be an internal fluctuation of the Earth system controlled by the ENSO. 4) On the interannual-multidecadal timescale, the δ18O of MJP stalagmite shows the high-frequency cyclicities of 3-7y and 30-70y which are related to ENSO and PDO according to modern instrumental weather records. However, the relationships among ENSO, PDO, and the δ18O are not constant. When the PDO is in a warm phase, El Niño event occurs more frequently; and when PDO is in a cold phase, La Niña event occurs more frequently. 5) On the millennium timescale, the δ13C is positively correlated with the δ18O in MJP stalagmite, indicating that they are affected by the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon and ITCZ movement caused by changes in solar irradiance. On the centennial to millennium timescale, the relationship between the δ18O and the δ13C is complicated. 6) The contents of Sr, Mg, and Ba as well as Sr/Ca in MJP stalagmite during 6800 yr BP-8590 yr BP was one order magnitude higher than those in the later periods, which may indicate a change in the source of the elements. Secondly, the trace element results in MJP stalagmite are in contrast between ICPOES and XRF. Therefore, it is necessary to do comparative analysis of XRF and ICP-OES results in the future. 7) The Holocene optimum is not synchronized in the entire East Asian monsoon region. With the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon following the insolation throughout the Holocene, the rain front migrates from northwest to southeast. In the Northeast-North China-Northwest monsoon region, the period of Holocene optimum was during 6500 yr BP -10500 yr BP, whereas in the middle and lower Yangtze river the Holocene optimum was during 5000 yr BP- 9000 yr BP.