The description of space is an indispensable aspect of poetry. During the periods of Wei-Chin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the syntactic construction of descriptions of space in Chinese poetry underwent a significant transformation, which influenced the artistic expression of poetry. As the grammaticalization of locative terms in Middle Chinese, poets started to widely use locative terms to create different layers of space, making the description of space in poetry more explicit and orderly. Moreover, the property of locative terms that is able to turn abstract things into locations also expanded the variety of the syntactic constructions of descriptions of space. Besides, in Middle Chinese, because nouns of location do not fix at the end of the sentence as they used to be, word order becomes more flexible. In the aspect of form, this development provides the conditions for poets to change and adjust words and rhymes, with the cooperation of the innovation of tonal prosody happened in this period, resulting in the evolution of poetic form. In the aspect of meaning, the principles of sentence formation of Chinese language moves from ‘abstract principles’ to ‘iconic principles,’ resulting in the development of sensualization and concretization in poetry writing. Furthermore, in the aspect of syntax, the shifting forward of the nouns of location encourages the expansion of the existential construction. In the period of Southern Dynasties, existential construction and subject-predicate construction become two main syntactic constructions of descriptions of space. On the one hand, the subject-predicate construction focuses on ‘object’ as its view of description, contributing to the ‘resonant’ mode of lyric. On the other hand, the existential construction focuses on ‘scenery’ as its view of description, contributing to the ‘infective’ mode of lyric. In short, existential construction and subject-predicate construction differ not only at their sentence formations but at the structures of images they embody. These differences fundamentally influence the creation of poetic expressions. This thesis takes the syntactic construction of descriptions of space as a starting point and presents how the transformation of syntax in Middle Chinese influenced the sentence formation in Chinese poetry, allowing the poets to create innovative artistic expressions that are different from their predecessors. Therefore, we can understand that the evolution between the Ancient and the Middle style poetry is in fact closely related to the development of syntax between two different periods in Chinese language.