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Diet and Health Trends in Taiwan: Comparison of Two Nutrition and Health Surveys from 1993-1996 and 2005-2008

臺灣人飲食與健康之趨勢:1993-1996與2005-2008兩次營養健康調查之比較

摘要


近年來食品新的選擇、新的口味層出不窮,而靜態的生活使得熱量需求減少。本文分析比較1993-1996與2005-2008兩次臺灣營養健康調查之24小時飲食回憶以及體檢所得臨床生化、人體測量資料,探討19歲(含)以上成人飲食型態、心臟血管代謝疾病與指標之趨勢。本研究發現臺灣人飲食型態正在轉型中,特別是糕餅甜食、加糖飲料的風行,年輕人卡路里攝取量增加,同時由於生活方式日趨靜態,使得肥胖及其相關代謝疾病:代謝症候群、糖尿病、高三酸甘油脂症、痛風盛行率大幅增加。所幸,有一些正向的飲食型態改變,包括:使用植物油的比例增加,民眾懂得避免動物性脂肪和油炸食品,另外蔬果、黃豆製品、魚、全穀類、核果種子等的攝取量增加,紅肉類、醣類、和鈉的攝取量減少等。可能因此,高血壓與高血膽固醇的盛行率改變不大,高尿酸血症盛行率下降。奶類攝取量持續偏低,無法提升,是一值得關注的問題。持續推動減脂、減鈉、多蔬果飲食;並應針對加糖飲料的健康危害加強宣導,特別要著力在年輕人群,強調以本態性的甜食,如水果、果乾、百分之百果汁等取代加糖飲料和其他甜食。加強民眾對肥胖代謝症候群的定義、其健康危害、以及其防治飲食及生活形態的瞭解,並改善大環境,提高健康飲食和體能活動場所的可近性。應積極探討國人不喜歡奶類的原因,以有效提升低脫脂奶類攝取量,或研發提升鈣質的其他替代方案。

並列摘要


The availability of new food choices has increased dramatically in recent times, whilst increasingly sedentary lifestyles have reduced calorie intake requirements. The present study uses 24 hour dietary recall data, and biochemical and anthropometric measurements from the 1993-1996 and 2005-2008 Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan (NAHSIT) to investigate trends in dietary habits, and cardiovascular and metabolic disease markers in Taiwanese persons aged 19 years and above. We found that dietary habits in Taiwan are changing, particularly in regards to intakes of cakes and sweets, and sugary drinks. Energy intakes in young people have increased, and combined with an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, this may have led to the increase in obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Large increases in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and gout have been observed. Fortunately, some positive dietary and behavioral changes have also been observed; including an increased avoidance of products made from animal fats and oils' and a concomitant increase in the use of vegetable oil. Intakes of fruit and vegetables, soy products, fish, whole grains, nuts and seeds have also increased; and intakes of red meat, carbohydrates and sodium containing foods have decreased. These positive dietary changes could explain the lack of large changes in the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and the decrease in prevalence of hyperuricemia. Intake of dairy products remains low, and continues to be an important dietary issue in Taiwan.

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