The efficiency of cell-free protein synthesis was enhanced by switching the second codon of ss and ss into AAA (). In contrast, protein synthesis was repressed when the second codons (AAA) of ss and ss were mutated into NGG codons (AGG, TGG, GGG and CGG) (). After 2 h incubation, 15 μl of the reaction samples were withdrawn from the reaction mixture, and the [C]leucine-labeled radioactivity was measured as described in Materials and Methods.