Rayleigh wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy of central North China Craton derived from ambient noise tomography
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摘要:
基于中国地震科学台阵探测项目在华北中部布设的306个台站记录的波形数据，利用背景噪声层析成像方法开展了Rayleigh波相速度和方位各向异性研究.结果显示，短周期的相速度异常及其方位各向异性主要与地表构造相关，盆地表现为低速异常，造山带表现为高速异常，快波方向主要表现为NE-SW向，与断层走向以及构造单元走向一致.在中长周期，山西地堑南北段的相速度异常以及方位各向异性都表现出显著差异.北段表现为大范围的低速异常，而南段则转变为高速异常，北段显著的低速异常可能与第四纪大同火山群的岩浆活动有关，其中心位置随深度的变化可能代表了地幔热物质在地壳内上涌的通道，相速度异常的南北差异可能代表着岩浆活动只在北段比较活跃.方位各向异性在北段较弱且主要表现为NE-SW向，南段的方位各向异性较强且逐渐向E-W向转变.中下地壳对应的面波快波方向与该区域最大压应力方向比较吻合，推测山西地堑的地壳方位各向异性主要受地壳应力场的影响，但北段还受到岩浆活动影响.与前人SKS分裂的结果对比发现，北段的地壳以及上地幔顶部的快波方向与地幔的快波方向不一致，考虑到该区域受岩浆活动影响，面波方位各向异性的来源比较复杂，其壳幔变形模式有待进一步研究.而中南段下地壳以及上地幔表现为稳定的高速异常，其面波快波方向逐渐转变为E-W向，与SKS分裂快波方向大致吻合，符合垂直连贯变形模式.
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关键词:
- 华北克拉通 /
- 山西地堑 /
- 背景噪声层析成像 /
- Rayleigh波相速度 /
- 方位各向异性
Abstract:The phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh wave are obtained by ambient noise tomography based on the continuous seismic waveforms of 306 seismic stations deployed in the central North China Craton under the project ChinArray Phase Ⅲ. The results show that the phase velocity anomaly and azimuthal anisotropy at short periods are mainly related to the surface structure. The basins exhibit low velocity anomalies and orogenic belts show high velocity anomalies. The fast wave direction is mainly along NE-SW direction, consistent with the fault strike and tectonic strike. At the middle and long periods, there are significant differences in phase velocity anomaly and azimuthal anisotropy in the northern and southern segments of Shanxi Rift. The northern segment shows a large-scale low velocity anomaly, while the southern segment turns into high velocity anomaly. The significant low velocity anomaly in the northern segment is related to the magmatism of the Quaternary Datong volcanic group. The change of its central position with depth may represent the crustal upwelling channel of mantle thermal material. The north-south difference of phase velocity anomaly may indicate that magmatism is only active in the northern segment. The azimuthal anisotropy is weaker in the northern segment and mainly along the NE-SW direction, while in the southern segment the azimuthal anisotropy is stronger and gradually rotates to the E-W direction. The fast wave direction of the surface wave corresponding to the middle and lower crust is consistent with the direction of the maximum compressive stress in this region. It is inferred that the crustal azimuthal anisotropy of the Shanxi Rift is mainly affected by the crustal stress field, but the northern segment is also affected by magmatism. Compared with the previous SKS splitting results, it is revealed that in the northern segment the fast wave direction of the crust and the uppermost mantle is not consistent with that of the mantle. Considering that this area is affected by magmatism, the source of surface wave azimuthal anisotropy is more complicated. The deformation pattern of crust and mantle needs to be further studied. On the other hand, the lower crust and uppermost mantle in the south-central segment show stable high velocity anomaly. The fast wave direction of surface wave gradually rotates to E-W direction, which is roughly consistent with the SKS splitting fast wave direction and accords with the vertical coherent deformation model.
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图 1
研究区域构造背景图(a)和研究所用台站分布图(b)
Figure 1.
Tectonic settings of the study area (a) and the location of seismic stations for this study (b)
图 2
经过去仪器响应、带通滤波(5~50 s)、去线性趋势和去均值处理的连续波形
Figure 2.
Continuous waveforms after removing instrument response, bandpass filtering (5~50 s), de-linear trend and de-mean
图 3
以台站13801为中心的互相关对称分量波形
Figure 3.
Symmetric component of the cross-correlations between station 13801 and other stations
图 4
华北克拉通中部Rayleigh波层析成像分辨率测试结果
Figure 4.
Resolution test results of Rayleigh wave tomography in the central North China Craton
图 5
不同周期Rayleigh波相速度和方位各向异性分布图
Figure 5.
Maps for phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves at different periods
图 6
(a) 研究区域的平均S波速度模型(红色)，蓝色线条是AK135速度模型(Kennett et al., 1995)；(b) 不同周期Rayleigh波相速度对S波速度的敏感核
Figure 6.
(a) The average S-wave velocity model (red line) of the study area. The blue line is the AK135 earth model (Kennett et al., 1995); (b) Sensitivity kernels to S-wave velocity for Rayleigh wave phase velocities at different periods
图 7
大同火山群下方岩浆上涌示意图
Figure 7.
Schematic diagram of magma upwelling under DatongVolcanos
图 8
Rayleigh波30 s和35 s的方位各向异性快波方向(黑色短棒)与SKS分裂(常利军等, 2021)快波方向(红色短棒)对比图
Figure 8.
Comparison of azimuthal anisotropic fast wave directions from Rayleigh wave at 30 s and 35 s (black bars) and SKS splitting (red bars) (Chang et al., 2021)
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