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2011, vol. 48, br. 1, str. 131-136
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Pokazatelji životne sposobnosti semena ozimih grahorica (Vicia spp)
Indicators of winter vetch (Vicia spp) seed vigor
Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija
e-adresa: zickov@yahoo.com
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR20090
Sažetak
U proizvodnom području Srbije najviše se gaji obična grahorica (Vicia sativa L), zatim maljava grahorica (Vicia villosa Roth), pa panonska grahorica (Vicia pannonica Crantz). Najznačajniji problem u proizvodnji semena grahorice predstavlja poleganje. Prinos i kvalitet semena u poleglom usevu mogu biti značajno smanjeni. Zbog toga je vrlo bitno precizno utvrditi kvalitet proizvedenog semena, odnosno njegovu životnu sposobnost. Ispitivanje životne sposobnosti semena izvršeno je na običnoj, maljavoj i panonskoj grahorici primenom standardnog laboratorijskog testa, hladnog testa, Hiltner testa i tri varijante testa ubrzanog starenja (39°C,72 h; 39°C, 96 h; 45°C 48 h). Obična grahorica je imala najvišu vrednost klijavosti semena (90%) primenom standardnog laboratorijskog testa, dok su nepovoljni uslovi primenjeni u vigor testovima uticali na smanjenje klijavosti semena. Parametri porasta nadzemnog dela ponika su bili najniži kod primene Hiltner testa. Dužina i masa korenovog sistema je bila najniža primenom testa ubrzanog starenja. Kod maljave i panonske grahorice primenom Hiltner testa dobijene su najniže vrednosti za sve ispitivane parametre. Primena različitih varijanti testa ubrzanog starenja ukazuje da ispitivani parametri ne zavise od primenjene temperature, dok dužina trajanja temperature utiče na smanjenje životne sposobnosti semena grahorica.
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and Pannonian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) are the most often grown varieties in the production area of Serbia. The most important problem in the production of vetch seed is lodging. Yield and seed quality in lodged crops can be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is very important to accurately estimate the quality, and viability of produced seed. Common vetch, hairy vetch and Pannonian vetch were submitted to vigor testing using standard laboratory test, cold test, Hiltner test, and three variants of accelerated aging tests (39°C,72 h; 39°C, 96 h; 45°C, 48 h). When the standard laboratory test was applied, the common vetch achieved the highest seed germination value of 90%, while decreased rate of seed germination was due to unfavorable conditions applied in vigor tests. Above ground seedling growth parameters were the lowest when Hiltner test was applied. Length and mass of the root system were the lowest when accelerated aging test was applied. Hairy vetch obtained the lowest values for all tested parameters when Hiltner test was applied. Application of different variants of accelerated aging tests indicated that tested parameters were not dependent on the applied temperature, while reduction in legumes vigor was under the influence of temperature duration.
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