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2014, vol. 6, br. 2, str. 27-33
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Hitna stanja u radu lekara opšte medicine - lekovi za lekarsku torbu
Medical emergencies facing general practitioners: Drugs for the doctor's bag
Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Katedra za farmakologiju i toksikologiju, Srbija + Klinički centar Kragujevac, Služba za kliničku farmakologiju, Srbija
e-adresa: slobodan.jankovic@medf.kg.ac.rs
Keywords: doctor's bag; medical emergences; drugs
Sažetak
Lekari opšte medicine se često susreću sa hitnim stanjima u svojoj praksi. Da bi se lekar brzo snašao u takvoj situaciji i primenio odgovarajuću terapiju pravovremeno, neophodno je da pri sebi ima pripremljenu odabranu kolekciju lekova koji mogu rešiti sva ili gotovo sva hitna stanja. U lekarskoj torbi bi trebalo da se nađu sledeći lekovi: paracetamol (za blage do umerene bolove i povišenu temperaturu), morfin (za jake bolove), nalokson (za lečenje trovanja heroinom), ceftriakson (za meningokokni meningitis), salbutamol (za prekid napada bronhijalne astme), hidrokortizon (za prekid napada bronhijalne astme), glukagon (za tešku hipoglikemiju), glukoza (za blagu do umerenu hipoglikemiju), diazepam (za prekid febrilnih konvulzija ili epileptičkog statusa), adrenalin (za anafilaksu i zastoj srca), atropin (za simptomatsku bradikardiju), hlorpiramin (za akutne alergijske reakcije), aspirin (za akutni infarkt miokarda), nitroglicerin (za akutni koronarni sindrom), metoklopramid (za mučninu i povraćanje), haloperidol (za delirijum), metilergometrin (za krvarenje posle porođaja ili pobačaja), furosemid (za akutni edem pluća) i flumazenil (za trovanje benzodiazepinima). Za svaki od navedenih lekova lekar treba dobro da poznaje preporučene doze, indikacije, kontraindikacije i najvažnija upozorenja. Svi navedeni lekovi su dostupni na domaćem tržištu ili putem specijalnog uvoza, tako da lekar opšte prakse može da popuni svoju torbu svim potrebnim lekovima i efikasno i bezbedno zbrine svako od hitnih stanja.
Abstract
General practitioners are frequently facing medical emergencies. In order to react properly and administer therapy on time, a general practitioner needs to prepare and keep with himself the appropriate set of drugs which could be effectively used for treatment of the emergencies. The following drugs should find their place in the doctor's bag: acetaminophen (for mild and moderate pain, and for fever), morphine (for severe pain), naloxone (for heroin poisoning), ceftriaxone (for meningococcal meningitis), albuterol (for bronchial asthma attack), hydrocortisone (for bronchial asthma attack), glucagon (for severe hypoglycemia), dextrose (for mild to moderate hypoglycemia), diazepam (for febrile convulsions or epileptic status), epinephrine (for anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest), atropine (for symptomatic bradicardia), chloropyramine (for acute allergy), aspirin (for acute myocardial infarction), nitroglycerine (for acute coronary syndrome), metoclopramide (for nausea and vomiting), haloperidol (for delirium), methylergometrine (for control of bleeding after delivery or abortion), furosemide (for acute pulmonary edema) and flumazenil (for benzodiazepine poisoning). For each of the listed drugs a physician should well know the recommended doses, indications, contraindications and warnings. All of the listed drugs are either registered in Serbia or available through special import, so general practitioners may fill their bags with all necessary drugs and effectively and safely treat medical emergencies.
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