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2012, vol. 46, br. 2, str. 71-76
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Uloga i značaj skrining procedura u ranoj dijagnostici oštećenja sluha
The role and importance of screening procedures in early diagnostics of hearing impairment
Klinički centar Republike Srpske, Klinika za bolesti uha grla i nosa, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, BiH
e-adresa: dalibor.vranjes@yahoo.com
Sažetak
Cilj. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita učestalost oštećenja sluha kod novorođenčadi, analiziraju faktori rizika i utvrdi značaj neonatalnih skrining procedura u ranoj dijagnostici. Metode. Od 01. aprila 2004. do 31. decembra 2008. godine, testirano je 14.023 novorođenčadi. Ispitivana su oba uha, prema principu dvofaznog protokola skrininga sluha. Za novorođenčad bez faktora rizika primjenjivane su TEAOE drugog ili trećeg dana po rođenju, a kod novorođenčadi s faktorima rizika i kod retestiranja TEAOE i AABR. U slučaju tri pozitivna rezultata, na jednom ili oba uha, sprovedena je definitivna audiološka dijagnostika u opštoj anesteziji sa ABR i ASSR testom, najkasnije do 6. mjeseca života. Rezultati. Od ukupno 14.023 testirane novorođenčadi, jedan ili više faktora rizika je bio prisutan u 814 (5,8%) slučajeva. Na prvom testiranju kod 11.734 (83,7%), bez faktora rizika bio je zabilježen negativan rezultat, a kod 1.475 (16,3%) pozitivan, na jednom ili oba uha. U grupi visokorizičnih (TEOAE + AABR), negativan rezultat zabilježen je kod 672 (82,5%), a pozitivan kod 142 (17,5%) novorođenčadi, na jednom ili oba uha. Nakon zabilježena 3 pozitivna rezultata, na jednom ili oba uha, 49 djece je upućeno na ABR i ASSR test. Kod 23 (0,2%) djece je potvrđeno jednostrano ili obostrano senzorineuralno oštećenje sluha, različitog stepena. Jedan ili više faktora rizika bio je prisutan kod 16 (70%) djece. Kod 8 ispitanika je utvrđeno obostrano teško senzorineuralno oštećenje sluha. Šestoro pacijenata je uključeno u program kohlearne implantacije. Zaključak. TEOAE i AABR su pouzdane, dostupne i efikasne skrining procedure u ranoj detekciji slušnog oštećenja kod novorođenčadi.
Abstract
Objective. Aim of this study was to examine prevalence of hearing impairment in newborns, analyze risk factors and determine importance of neonatal screening method for early diagnosis. Methods. The total of 14023 newborns were tested in the period from 01/04/2004 to 31/12/2008. Both ears were examined, according to the principle of two-stage hearing screening protocols. TEAOE were applied for infants with no risk factors on the second or the third day after birth. In infants with risk factors and for retesting TEAOE and AABR were applied. Definitive audiological diagnostics in general anesthesia with ABR and ASSR test under general anesthesia were conducted in the case of three positive results in one or both ears, until the sixth month of life at the latest. Results. From a total of 14 023 newborns tested, one or more risk factors was present in 814 (5.8%) cases. In the first test negative result was recorded at 11 734 (83.7%) without risk factors and in 1475 (16.3%) positive result in one or both ears. In high-risk group (TEOAE + AABR), a negative result was recorded in 672 (82.5%) and positive in 142 (17.5%) infants in one or both ears. After three reported positive results in one or both ears, 49 children were referred for ABR and ASSR test. Unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with varying degrees was confirmed in 23 (0.2%) children. One or more risk factors were present in 16 (70%) children. Severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was found in 8 patients. Six patients were included in the program of cochlear implantation. Conclusion. TEOAE and AABR are reliable, available and effective screening procedures for early detection of hearing loss in newborns.
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