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An Overview of Azadiractin

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 19 - 30, 10.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1271548

Öz

In order to reduce crop losses in agricultural production, the use of pesticides will continue in the future as it is today, unless practical and effective alternative methods are developed to control pests. However, the increasing awareness of the negative effects of conventional pesticides on the environment and human health and the development of resistance (especially cross-resistance) of pests to the pesticides used, lead to the search for alternative control methods or low-risk pesticides. Among the various alternatives, there has been a renewed interest in organic plant-derived compounds, especially so-called allelochemicals. Today, azadirachtin [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)], a tetranortriterpenoid derived from the neem seed of the Indian neem tree, is one of the leading commercialized biopesticides. It also remains the most successful botanical pesticide used in agricultural control worldwide. Azadirachtin has low toxicity and low residues against biological control agents such as predators and parasitoids. It also exhibits strong antifeedant and insect growth regulator effects on insect pests. This review covers all aspects of azadirachtin-based insecticides.

Kaynakça

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Azadiraktin Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 19 - 30, 10.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1271548

Öz

Tarımsal üretimde ürün kayıplarını azaltmak amacıyla, zararlı böceklerle mücadelede pratik ve etkili alternatif yöntemler geliştirilmedikçe pestisitlerin kullanımı günümüzde olduğu gibi gelecekte de devam edecektir. Ancak, sentetik pestisitlerin çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileriyle ilgili farkındalığın artması ve zararlı böceklerin kullanılan pestisitlere karşı direnç (özellikle çapraz direnç) geliştirmesi alternatif mücadele yöntemlerine ya da düşük riskli pestisit arayışlarına neden olmaktadır. Çeşitli alternatifler arasında da özellikle allelokimyasallar olarak adlandırılan organik bitki türevi bileşiklere olan ilgi yeniden artmıştır. Günümüzde, Hint neem ağacının neem tohumundan elde edilen bir tetranortriterpenoid olan azadiraktin [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)], ticarileştirilen önde gelen biyopestisitlerden biridir. Ayrıca zirai mücadelede kullanılan azadiraktin dünya çapında en başarılı botanik pestisit olmaya da devam etmektedir. Azadiraktinin, biyolojik mücadele etmenleri olan predatörlere ve parazitoitlere karşı düşük toksisiteye ve az kalıntı özelliğine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra zararlı böcekler üzerinde güçlü bir beslenme engelleyici ve böcek büyüme düzenleyici özellik de göstermektedir. Bu derleme, azadiraktinin kökenli insektisitleri bütün yönleriyle ele almıştır.

Kaynakça

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  • Azadirachtin affected the intestinal structure and microbiota of adult Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) while controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pest Science, 96, 973–988.
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  • Martinez, S.S. and van Emden, H.F. (1999). Sublethal concentrations of azadirachtin affect food intake, conversion efficiency and feeding behaviour of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89, 65–71.
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  • Mordue, L. A. J. and Blackwell, A. (1993). Azadirachtin: an update. Journal of Insect Physiology, 39, 903–924.
  • Mordue, A.J. and Nisbet, A.J. (2000). Azadirachtin from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica): its actions against insects. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 29, 615–632.
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  • Shutterstoc, (2023). Neem ağacı ve moleküler yapısı. https://www.shutterstock.com/. Erişim tarihi: 10.02.2023 Skendžić, S., Zovko, M., Živković, I. P., Lešić, V. and Lemić, D. (2021). The impact of climate change on agricultural ınsect pests. Insects, 12(5), 440.
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  • Vivekananthan, T. and Selvisabhanayakam, S.N. (2014). Histopathological observations on testes of adult blister beetle, Mylabris indica (thunberg) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) treated with neem. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 38, 45–52.
  • Yu, H., Yang, X., Dai, J., Li, Y., Veeran, S., Lin, J. and Shu, B. (2023). Effects of azadirachtin on detoxification-related gene expression in the fat bodies of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 42587–4259.
  • Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., Li, X., Cai, W. and Hua, H. (2017). Silencing of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase gene (Nljheh) enhances short wing formation in a macropterous strain of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Journal of Insect Physiology, 102, 18–26.
Toplam 94 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Meltem Erdem Küçük 0000-0003-3107-8946

Hilal Tunca 0000-0003-3073-6628

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdem Küçük, M., & Tunca, H. (2023). Azadiraktin Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme. Bozok Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.59128/bojans.1271548