The Evolution of the EU Treaties
From the Treaties of Rome to the Conference on the Future of Europe
Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung der EU-Politikfelder von den Römischen Verträgen in den 1950er Jahren bis zum Vertrag von Lissabon im Jahr 2009, die zu einer "immer engeren Union" und schließlich zum Brexit führte, wird nachvollziehbar gemacht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass vor allem politische Überlegungen zu den Vertragsänderungen geführt haben. Sowohl der politische und historische Hintergrund der Entwicklung der EU-Politikfelder als auch die Folgen des Austrittsabkommens für das Vereinigte Königreich und die EU werden detailliert dargestellt. Dr. Klemens H. Fischer ist Professor für Internationale Beziehungen und Geopolitik an der Universität zu Köln. Er ist Vizepräsident des Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy, Wien, und Mitglied des International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. Er kann auf dreißig Jahre Erfahrung im Bereich der europäischen Integration zurückgreifen.
Abstract
The development of EU policies from the Treaties of Rome in the 1950s to the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, which led to an "ever closer union" and ultimately to Brexit, are made comprehensible. This process shows that primarily political considerations led to Treaty changes. Both the political and historical background of the evolution of EU policies and the consequences for the UK and the EU as a result of the Withdrawal Agreement are presented in detail. Klemens H. Fischer is Professor of International Relations and Geopolitics at the University of Cologne. He is Vice President of the Austria Institute for European and Security Policy, Vienna, and member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. He can draw on thirty years of experience in the field of European integration.
Schlagworte
- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- 1–18 Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1–18
- 19–134 I. The Historical Development of European Law 19–134
- I.1. Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community – 1945-1951 – Overcoming War Resentment
- I.2. Establishing the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community - 1951-1957 - In the Shadow of the Cold WarCold War
- I.3. The Merger Treaty – 1957-1965 – In the Face of Failure
- I.4. The Single European Act – 1965-1986 – Consolidation
- I.5. The Treaty of Maastricht – 1986-1991 – Towards the End of the Cold WarCold War
- I.6. The Treaty of Amsterdam – 1992-1996 – An Attempt at Correction
- I.7. The Treaty of Nice – 1997-2000 – Corrections
- I.8. The Convention on the Future of Europe – 2001-2003 – A Novel Approach
- I.9. The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe – 2003-2004 – An Attempt at a Radical Reform
- I.10. The Treaty of Lisbon – 2004-2007 – At the Precipice
- I.11. Economic Crisis, War, and Global Terror – 2008-2015 – One Step Closer to the Precipice
- I.12. BrexitBREXIT and the Conference on the Future of EuropeConference on the Future of Europe – 2016-2021 – Into the Abyss and Back Again
- I.13. The Day After Tomorrow – 2022-2024 – Back at the Precipice
- 135–376 II. The Evolution of EU Policies 135–376
- II.0. Preamble
- II.0.1. Preamble to the TEU
- II.0.2. Preamble to the TFEU
- II.1. Principles and Objectives
- II.1.1. Principles and Objectives of the European Union
- Title I – Common Provisions
- Title II – Provisions on Democratic PrinciplesDemocratic principles
- II.1.2. Principles, Categories and Areas of Union CompetenceCompetencesUnion competences
- I. Development up to the Treaty of Nice
- a) Tasks and Activities
- b) Limits of Competence
- c) Methods
- II. Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon
- II.2. Non-Discrimination and Citizenship of the Union
- II.3. External Action and Common Foreign and Security PolicyCommon Foreign and Security Policy
- II.3.1. The Union’s External Action and the Common Foreign and Security PolicyCommon Foreign and Security Policy
- Introduction
- Development up to the Treaty of Nice
- Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon
- II.3.2. General Provisions on the Union’s External Action
- II.3.3. Common Commercial Policy
- II.3.4. Cooperation with Third Countries and Humanitarian AidHumanitarian aid
- II.3.4.1. Development Cooperation
- II.3.4.2. Economic, Financial and Technical Cooperation with Third CountriesCooperation with Third Countries
- II.3.4.3. Humanitarian AidHumanitarian aid
- II.3.4.4. Restrictive Measures
- II.3.4.5. International Agreements
- II.3.4.6. The Union’s Relations with International Organisations and Third Countries and Union Delegations
- II.3.4.7. Solidarity Clause
- II.4. Enhanced Cooperation
- II.4.1. Enhanced Cooperation as laid down in the TEU
- Development up to the Treaty of Nice
- Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon
- II.4.2. Enhanced Cooperation as laid down in the TFEU
- Development up to the Treaty of Nice
- Transformation by the Treaty of Lisbon
- II.5. Internal Market and Free Movement of GoodsInternal MarketFree movement of goods
- II.6. Agriculture and Fisheries
- II.7. Free Movement of PersonsInternal MarketFree movement of persons, Services and Capital
- II.7.1. Workers
- II.7.2. Right of Establishment
- II.7.3. Services
- II.7.4. Capital and Payments
- II.8. Area of Freedom, Security and JusticeArea of Freedom, Security and Justice
- I. The development up to the Treaty of Nice
- I.1. Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters
- I.2. Visa, Asylum, Immigration and other policies related to the Free Movement of PersonsInternal MarketFree movement of persons
- II. The Realignment by the Treaty of Lisbon
- II.1. Innovations and Principles, Structure, Rearrangements
- Innovations and Principles
- II.2. The Provisions of the Area of Freedom, Security and JusticeArea of Freedom, Security and Justice in Detail
- Chapter 1: General provisions (Article 67 to 76 TFEU)
- Chapter 2: Policies on border checks, asylumAsylum and immigrationImmigration (Article 77 to 80 TFEU)
- Chapter 3: Judicial cooperation in civil matters (Article 81 TFEU) Area of Freedom, Security and Justicejudicial cooperation in civil matters
- Chapter 4: Judicial cooperation in criminal matters (Article 82 to 86 TFEU)Area of Freedom, Security and Justicepolice and judicial cooperation in criminal matters
- Chapter 5: Police cooperation (Article 87 to 89 TFEU)Area of Freedom, Security and Justicepolice cooperation
- II.9. Transport
- II.10. Common Rules on Competition, Taxation and Approximation of Laws
- II.10.1. Rules on Competition
- II.10.2. Tax Provisions
- II.10.3. Approximation of Laws
- II.11. Economic and Monetary Policy
- II.12. Employment
- II.13. Customs Cooperation
- II.14. Social Policy and the European Social Fund
- II.15. Education, Vocational Training, Youth and Sport
- II.16. Culture
- II.17. Public Health
- II.18. Consumer Protection
- II.19. Trans-European NetworksTrans-European Networks
- II.20. Industry
- II.21. Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion
- II.22. Research and Technological Development and Space
- II.23. Environment
- II.24. Energy
- II.25. Tourism
- II.26. Civil Protection
- II.27. Administrative Cooperation
- II.28. Association of the Overseas Countries and TerritoriesAssociation of the Overseas Countries and Territories
- II.29. The Institutions
- Introduction
- The Institutions – Fundamental Principles
- The European Parliament
- The European Council
- The Council
- The Commission
- The High RepresentativeHigh Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
- The Court of Justice
- II.29.1. Parliament
- II.29.2. European Council
- II.29.3. Council
- II.29.4. Commission
- II.29.5. European Court of Justice
- II.29.6. European Central BankEuropean Central Bank
- II.29.7. European Court of Auditors
- II.29.8. Legal acts of the Union, adoption procedures and other provisions
- II.29.9. The Union’s Advisory Bodies
- II.29.9.1. The Economic and Social Committee
- II.29.9.2. The Committee of the Regions
- II.29.10. European Investment BankEuropean Investment Bank
- II.30. Financial ProvisionsFinancial provisions
- General Provisions
- Chapter 1: The Union's own resourcesEU budgetown resources
- Chapter 2: The multiannual financial frameworkEU budgetmultiannual financial famework
- Chapter 3: The Union's annual budgetEU budgetannual budget
- Chapter 4: Implementation of the budget and discharge
- Chapter 5: Common Provisions
- Chapter 6: Combatting fraudFraud offences against the Union
- II.31. General and Final Provisions
- II.31.1. Final Provisions in the TEU
- II.31.2. General and Final Provisions in the TFEU
- Development up to the Treaty of Nice
- The New Design introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon
- Redesign of the Individual Provisions
- 377–404 III. Annex 377–404
- III.1. Overview of the Reforms of the European Treaties
- III.1.1. General Remarks
- III.1.2. Single European ActSingle European Act - Summary
- III.1.3. Treaty of MaastrichtTreaty of Maastricht - Summary – Treaty on European UnionTreaty on European Union - Summary
- III.1.4. Treaty of AmsterdamTreaty of Amsterdam - Summary
- III.1.5. Treaty of NiceTreaty of Nice - Summary
- III.1.6. Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (draft)Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (draft) - Summary
- III.1.7. Treaty establishing a Constitution for EuropeTreaty establishing a Constitution for Europe - Summary
- III.1.8. Treaty of LisbonTreaty of Lisbon - Summary
- III.1.9. Conference on the Future of EuropeConference on the Future of Europe
- III.2. BrexitBREXIT
- III.2.1. Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community
- III.2.2. The Windsor FrameworkBREXITWindsor Framework
- III.2.3. The Judgement of the European Court of Justice in Case C-499/21 P
- 405–410 Sources and Literature 405–410
- 411–422 411–422
