Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2951-3146
    Korean J Community Nutr. 2013 Jun;18(3):269-282. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2013.
    https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.269
    Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
    Original Article

    Association of Bone Mineral Density and Blood Pressure, Calcium Intake among Adult Women in Seoul · Kyunggi Area - Based on 2011 KNHANES -

    Jae Ok Koo
      • Department of Home Economics, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Jae Ok Koo, Department of Home Economic Korea National Open University, Jonroku Dongsungdong 169, Seoul 110-791, Korea. Tel: (02) 3668-4643, Fax: (02) 3668-4188, Email: cokoo@knou.ac.kr
    Received May 10, 2013; Revised June 24, 2013; Accepted June 24, 2013.

    This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    This study was carried out to investigate bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, calcium, sodium intake and related biochemical variables, and to analyze the relationship between BMD, and blood pressure, physical characteristics, nutrient intakes of Korean adult women. The study subjects were 30~80years old, 513 women living in Seoul and Kyunggi area who participated in 2011 KNHANES. The study subjects were divided into three BMD groups; normal, n = 259 (50.4%), osteopenia, n = 169 (32.9%), and osteoporosis, n = 85 (16.7%). Average height and weight and fat free mass decreased with a decrease in BMD. Average BMD of normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis were 0.87, 0.79, 0.70 g/cm2, and T-score were 0.42, -0.66, -1.62, respectively. Higher systolic blood pressure, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride were significantly associated with a decrease in the BMD. The rates of hypertension were significantly increased from normal to osteoporosis. i.e. 18.5% in normal, 34.3% in osteopenia and 63.5% in osteoporosis. Average nutrientintakes such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were significantly lower in subjects with lower BMD.n. Average calcium intake of normal, osteopernia and osteoporosis were 528.50, 416.96, 389.56 mg, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between calcium, phosphorus and age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride. Also, there were negative correlation systolic blood pressure (incomplete sentence). In this study, we found low BMD according to low calcium intake increase the risk of osteoporosis and hypertension rather than sodium intake, also calcium intake decreased with increase age. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis and hypertension, subjects need to be educated regarding the importance of calcium nutrients in diet.

    Keywords
    bone mineral density; blood pressure; calcium; osteoporosis; hypertension

    Tables

    Table 1
    Socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects by BMD

    Table 2
    Anthropometric charactertics and body composition of the subject by BMD

    Table 3
    Bone mineral density, T-score, blood pressure and biochemical variables by BMD

    Table 4
    Normal and hypertension distribution by BMD

    Table 5
    Comparison of nutrients intake by bone mineral density

    Table 6
    Correlation coefficients between mineral intakes and anthropometrics, age, blood prssure, BMD

    Notes

    This research was supported by grants from Korea National Open University 2012 the second half.

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    MeSH Terms
    Adult
    Alkaline Phosphatase
    Ascorbic Acid
    Blood Pressure
    Bone Density
    Bone Diseases, Metabolic
    Calcium
    Diet
    Female
    Humans
    Hypertension
    Iron
    Osteoporosis
    Phosphorus
    Potassium
    Riboflavin
    Sodium
    Vitamin A
    Vitamins
    Metrics
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