Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that can cause low-grade systemic inflammation, has been suggested to influence the development of comorbidities. Multiple systemic inflammatory mechanisms are common in the development of periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. Observational studies conducted worldwide have reported that periodontal disease may independently influence the progression of atherosclerotic disease. However, there is still insufficient evidence to demonstrate the causal relationship. This review describes the association between periodontal disease and arteriosclerosis-related diseases with the latest findings.