Sampling carried out in the framework of the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory project in the Mercantour- Alpi Marittime national parks (southwestern Alps) provided a number of Collembola species new to the region, including several taxa new to science. Two species are described in this paper: Orogastrura tetrophthalma n. sp. (Hypogastruridae) and Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp. (Neanuridae). O. tetrophthalma n. sp. is the first species of the genus found in the southwestern Alps. It differs from all other species of Orogastrura Deharveng & Gers, 1979 by the large size of its postantennal organ (more than twice as long as eye diameter) and the presence of 4 4 eyes. Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp. is the third species of the genus recorded from the southwestern Alps, and the first Deutonura Cassagnau, 1979 endemic to this region. It is closely related to D. igilica Dallai, 1983 from Sardinia, from which it differs by having height-nine dorso-lateral chaetae on Abd. IV (vs seven in D. igilica), and a different arrangement of chaetae on the central cephalic area (B-B:A-B = 1.1, vs 0.9 in D. igilica). The complete pattern of pseudopores is described for Deutonura jeromoltoi n. sp. and its potential interest as a diagnostic character at supra-generic levels within the order Poduromorpha is discussed.