Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia

Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 55 - 62, 30.06.2023

Özlem Gücüyener Hacan Koray Çelikeloğlu Serdar Koçak Mustafa Eser Zehra Bozkurt Bozkurt Mustafa Tekerli İbrahim Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the feeding, management and health practices in horse farms in Inner West Anatolia with the aspects of animal welfare. The study was carried out in 53 horse farms in Afyonkarahisar, Eskişehir, Kütahya, and Uşak provinces. The measurements, observations and declarations of breeders were recorded on the questioner forms. Furthermore, a fecal parasitic examination was carried out. The breeds of horse were Arab, Thoroughbred, local and crosses. The percentages of boxed and tied barns were 60.4 and 39.6%. The average temperature and humidity in the shelters were 20.7°C and 38.6%, the mean values for carbondioxide, oxygen, and ammonia were measured as 848.0, 20.9, and 5.0 ppm respectively. Although antiparasitic applications were reported in the visited farms, 61.7% of the horses were found to have parasites in the parasitic examination. 90.6% of the interviewed personnel claimed that they were experienced in horse breeding but only 3.8% had knowledge about animal health and welfare. In conclusion, horse breeding in Inner West Anatolia is insufficient in terms of windows and chimney openings in shelters, shelter enrichment, paddock areas and exercise, dental care, antiparasitic applications, and trained personnel for animal health and welfare; while box dimensions, feeding standards, grooming, hoof care, tail docking, foal care and transport applications were in accordance with ideal standards.

Keywords

Abnormal behavior Animal welfare Horse Rearing Shelter

References

  • Araba BD, Crowell-Davis SL (1994). Dominance relationships and aggresion of foals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 41: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(94)90048-5
  • Arena I, Marliani G, Sabioni G, Gabai G, Bucci D, Accors PA (2021): Assessment of horses’ welfare: Behavioral, hormonal, and husbandry aspects. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 41: 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2021.01.006
  • Arnold GW, Grassia A (1982). Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for Thoroughbred horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 8: 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(82)90129-8
  • Auer U, Keemen Z, Engl V, Jenner F (2021). Activity time budgets—A potential tool to monitor equine welfare? Animals, 11, 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030850
  • Austria Federal Act on The Protection of Animals (2014). https://www.animallaw.info/statute/austria-animal-welfare-federal-animal-protection-act (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Boyd LE (1991). The behaviour of Przewalski’s horses and its importance to their management. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 29: 301-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90256-W
  • Brolin S (2022). The importance of natural feeding behaviour for horse (Equus caballus) welfare. Bachelor Thesis, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1670947/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Buckley P, Morton J, Buckley D, Coleman G (2010). Horse misbehaviour as a cause of poor performance. J Vet Behav, 5 (4): 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2009.09.009
  • Carson K, Wood-Gush DGM (1983). Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam foal behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 10: 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(83)90138-4
  • Christie JL, Hewson CJ, Riley CB, Mcniven MA, Dohoo IR (2004). Demographics, management, and welfare of nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 45: 1004-1011.
  • Curtis L, Raymond S, Clarke A (1996). Dust and ammonia in horse stalls with different ventilation rates and bedding, Aerobiologia, 12: 239-249.
  • Czychall I, Klingbeil P, Krieter J (2019). Interobserver reliability of the animal welfare indicators welfare assessment protocol for horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 75: 112-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.005
  • Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (2018). Code of practice for the welfare of horses, ponies, donkeys and their hybrids. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/700200/horses-welfare-codes-of-practice-april2018.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Eicher PHC (2022). A literature review on welfare improvement possibilities in equine housing systems. Master Thesis, Environmental Biology and Animal Ecology, Utrecht University. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/43322 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council (FAWAC) (2018). Animal welfare guidelines for horses, ponies and donkeys. http://www.fawac.ie/media/fawac/content/publications/ animalwelfare/AnimalWelfareGuidelineforHorsesPoniesDonkeys.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Finnish Centre for Animal Welfare (2013). Animal welfare in Finland: A National report on animal welfare. https://www.elaintieto.fi/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Animal-Welfare-Report.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Hausberger M, Lerch N, Guilbaud E, Stomp M, Grandgeorge M, Henry S, Lesimple C (2020). On-farm welfare assessment of horses: The risks of putting the cart before the horse. Animals, 10, 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030371
  • Henderson J, Waran N (2001). Reducing equine stereotipies using an equiball. Animal Welfare, 10 (1): 73-80.
  • Homes TQ, Brown AF (2022). Champing at the bit for improvements: A review of equine welfare in equestrian sports in the United Kingdom. Animals, 12, 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12091186
  • Jorgensen GHM, Boe KE (2007). A Note on The effect of daily exercise and paddock size on the behaviour of domestic horses (Equus caballus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 107: 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.09.025
  • Krueger K, Esch L, Farmer K, Marr I (2021). Basic Needs in Horses?—A Literature Review. Animals, 11, 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061798
  • Krzak WE, Gonyou HW, Lawrence LM (1991). Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise. Journal of Animal Science, 69: 1053-1058. https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6931053x
  • Lesimple C (2020). Indicators of horse welfare: state-of-the-art. Animals, 10, 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020294
  • Lesimplea C, Reverchon-Billota L, Gallouxb P, Stompa M, Boichotb L, Costec C, Henrya S, Hausbergerc M (2020). Free movement: A key for welfare improvement in sport horses? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 225: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104972
  • Levebvre D, Lips D, Ödberg FO, Giffory JM (2007). Tail docking in horses: a review of the issues. Animal, 1: 8, 1167-1178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107000420
  • Mcafee LM, Mills DS, Cooper JJ (2002). The use of mirrors for the control of stereotypic weaving behaviour in the stabled horse. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 78: 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00086-2
  • McGreevy P, Berger J, Brauewre N, Doherty O, Harrison A, Fiedler J, Jones C, McDonnell S, McLean A, Nakonechny L, Nicol C, Preshaw L, Thomson P, Tzioumis V, Webster J, Wolfensohn S, Yeates J, Jones B (2018). Using the five domains model to assess the adverse impacts of husbandry, veterinary, and equitation interventions on horse welfare. Animals, 8, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8030041
  • Mejia JAB, Jaramillo JAN, Corrales NU (2022). Colombian creole horse: Frequency of oral and motor stereotypies. Veterinary World, 15 (4): 1113-1120. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1113-1120
  • Mellor DJ, Burns M (2020). Using the five domains model to develop welfare assessment guidelines for Thoroughbred horses in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 68 (3): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2020.1715900
  • Miller G, Stull C, Ferraro G (2019). A Guide: Minimum standards of horse care in the state of California. https://vetext.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk5616/files/inline-files/California-Minimum-Standards-2019.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Mills D (2002). Recent advances in the treatment of equine stereotypic behaviour. https://www. awionline.org/lab-animal-search/mills-d-2002-recent-advances-treatment-equine-stereotypic-behaviour-dorothy (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Mills D, Riezebos M (2005). The role of the image of a conspecific in the regulation of stereotypic head movements in the horse. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91 (1-2): 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.027
  • Minero M, Canali E (2009). Welfare issues of horses: an overview and practical recommendations. Italian Journal Animal Science, 8 (1): 219-230. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s1.219
  • Minero M, Dalla Costa E, Dai F, Lebert D, Scholz P, Lebelt D (2015). Animal welfare indicators: Welfare assessment protocol for horses. The European Animal Welfare Indicators Project. https://doi.org/10.13130/AWIN_HORSES_2015
  • Morgan K, Ehrlemark A, Sallvik K (1997). Dissipation of heat from standing horses exposed to ambient temperatures between -3 °C and 37 °C. Journal of Thermal Biology, 22 (3): 177-186.
  • National Farm Animal Care Council Canada (NFACC) (2018). Code of practice for the care and handling of equines. https://www.nfacc.ca/pdfs/codes/equine_code_of_practice.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • New Zealand Government (2018). Code of welfare horses and donkey. https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/46060-Code-of-Welfare-Horses-and-donkeys (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Norwegian Animal Welfare Act (2011). https://www.animallaw.info/statute/noway-cruelty-norwegian-animal-welfare-act-2010 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Ödber FO, Bouissou MF (1999). The development of equestrianism from the baroque period to the present day and its consequences for the welfare of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 28: 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05152.x
  • Parker R (2007). Equine Science. 3rd ed., Clifton Park, NY: Delmar: Cengage Learning.
  • Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) (2014). RSPCA Policies on animal welfare. https://www.rspca.org.uk/documents/1494939 /7712578/RspcaPolicies.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Schwean K (2005). The welfare of horses: Review of recent literatüre. https://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/rid=1RT8NZSQ1223QPPC1MVG/General%20welfare.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Seabra JC, Dittrich JR, Vale MM (2021). Factors associated with the development and prevalence of abnormal behaviors in horses: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 106: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103750
  • Sommerwille R, Brown AF, Upjohn M (2018). A standardised equine-based welfare assessment tool used for six years in low and middle income countries. PLoS ONE, 13 (2): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192354
  • The Council of The European Union (2005). Council Regulation EC No 1/2005: On the protection of animals during transport and related operations and amending directives 64/432/EEC and 93/119/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1255/97. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2005/1 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • The National Equine Welfare Council (NEWC) (2009). Equine industry welfare guidelines compendium for horses, ponied and donkeys. https://www.donkeys.ie/legislation/Equine-Compendium-09.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • The United Kingdom Legislation (1949). Docking and nicking of horses act. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/12-13-14/70 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2011a). Çiftlik hayvanlarının refahına ilişkin yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111223-3.htm (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2011b). Hayvanların nakli sırasında refahı ve korunması yönetmeliği. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111224-2.htm (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2021). Safkan Arap ve İngiliz atlarının soy kütüğü, kayıtları, ithalat ve ihracatı hakkında yönetmelikte değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/06/20210619-5.htm (accessed 2023 January 02).

Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 55 - 62, 30.06.2023

Özlem Gücüyener Hacan Koray Çelikeloğlu Serdar Koçak Mustafa Eser Zehra Bozkurt Bozkurt Mustafa Tekerli İbrahim Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227

Abstract

References

  • Araba BD, Crowell-Davis SL (1994). Dominance relationships and aggresion of foals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 41: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(94)90048-5
  • Arena I, Marliani G, Sabioni G, Gabai G, Bucci D, Accors PA (2021): Assessment of horses’ welfare: Behavioral, hormonal, and husbandry aspects. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 41: 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2021.01.006
  • Arnold GW, Grassia A (1982). Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for Thoroughbred horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 8: 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(82)90129-8
  • Auer U, Keemen Z, Engl V, Jenner F (2021). Activity time budgets—A potential tool to monitor equine welfare? Animals, 11, 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030850
  • Austria Federal Act on The Protection of Animals (2014). https://www.animallaw.info/statute/austria-animal-welfare-federal-animal-protection-act (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Boyd LE (1991). The behaviour of Przewalski’s horses and its importance to their management. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 29: 301-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90256-W
  • Brolin S (2022). The importance of natural feeding behaviour for horse (Equus caballus) welfare. Bachelor Thesis, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1670947/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Buckley P, Morton J, Buckley D, Coleman G (2010). Horse misbehaviour as a cause of poor performance. J Vet Behav, 5 (4): 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2009.09.009
  • Carson K, Wood-Gush DGM (1983). Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam foal behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 10: 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(83)90138-4
  • Christie JL, Hewson CJ, Riley CB, Mcniven MA, Dohoo IR (2004). Demographics, management, and welfare of nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 45: 1004-1011.
  • Curtis L, Raymond S, Clarke A (1996). Dust and ammonia in horse stalls with different ventilation rates and bedding, Aerobiologia, 12: 239-249.
  • Czychall I, Klingbeil P, Krieter J (2019). Interobserver reliability of the animal welfare indicators welfare assessment protocol for horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 75: 112-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.005
  • Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (2018). Code of practice for the welfare of horses, ponies, donkeys and their hybrids. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/700200/horses-welfare-codes-of-practice-april2018.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Eicher PHC (2022). A literature review on welfare improvement possibilities in equine housing systems. Master Thesis, Environmental Biology and Animal Ecology, Utrecht University. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/43322 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council (FAWAC) (2018). Animal welfare guidelines for horses, ponies and donkeys. http://www.fawac.ie/media/fawac/content/publications/ animalwelfare/AnimalWelfareGuidelineforHorsesPoniesDonkeys.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Finnish Centre for Animal Welfare (2013). Animal welfare in Finland: A National report on animal welfare. https://www.elaintieto.fi/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Animal-Welfare-Report.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Hausberger M, Lerch N, Guilbaud E, Stomp M, Grandgeorge M, Henry S, Lesimple C (2020). On-farm welfare assessment of horses: The risks of putting the cart before the horse. Animals, 10, 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030371
  • Henderson J, Waran N (2001). Reducing equine stereotipies using an equiball. Animal Welfare, 10 (1): 73-80.
  • Homes TQ, Brown AF (2022). Champing at the bit for improvements: A review of equine welfare in equestrian sports in the United Kingdom. Animals, 12, 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12091186
  • Jorgensen GHM, Boe KE (2007). A Note on The effect of daily exercise and paddock size on the behaviour of domestic horses (Equus caballus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 107: 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.09.025
  • Krueger K, Esch L, Farmer K, Marr I (2021). Basic Needs in Horses?—A Literature Review. Animals, 11, 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061798
  • Krzak WE, Gonyou HW, Lawrence LM (1991). Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise. Journal of Animal Science, 69: 1053-1058. https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6931053x
  • Lesimple C (2020). Indicators of horse welfare: state-of-the-art. Animals, 10, 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020294
  • Lesimplea C, Reverchon-Billota L, Gallouxb P, Stompa M, Boichotb L, Costec C, Henrya S, Hausbergerc M (2020). Free movement: A key for welfare improvement in sport horses? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 225: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104972
  • Levebvre D, Lips D, Ödberg FO, Giffory JM (2007). Tail docking in horses: a review of the issues. Animal, 1: 8, 1167-1178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107000420
  • Mcafee LM, Mills DS, Cooper JJ (2002). The use of mirrors for the control of stereotypic weaving behaviour in the stabled horse. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 78: 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00086-2
  • McGreevy P, Berger J, Brauewre N, Doherty O, Harrison A, Fiedler J, Jones C, McDonnell S, McLean A, Nakonechny L, Nicol C, Preshaw L, Thomson P, Tzioumis V, Webster J, Wolfensohn S, Yeates J, Jones B (2018). Using the five domains model to assess the adverse impacts of husbandry, veterinary, and equitation interventions on horse welfare. Animals, 8, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8030041
  • Mejia JAB, Jaramillo JAN, Corrales NU (2022). Colombian creole horse: Frequency of oral and motor stereotypies. Veterinary World, 15 (4): 1113-1120. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1113-1120
  • Mellor DJ, Burns M (2020). Using the five domains model to develop welfare assessment guidelines for Thoroughbred horses in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 68 (3): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2020.1715900
  • Miller G, Stull C, Ferraro G (2019). A Guide: Minimum standards of horse care in the state of California. https://vetext.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk5616/files/inline-files/California-Minimum-Standards-2019.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Mills D (2002). Recent advances in the treatment of equine stereotypic behaviour. https://www. awionline.org/lab-animal-search/mills-d-2002-recent-advances-treatment-equine-stereotypic-behaviour-dorothy (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Mills D, Riezebos M (2005). The role of the image of a conspecific in the regulation of stereotypic head movements in the horse. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91 (1-2): 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.027
  • Minero M, Canali E (2009). Welfare issues of horses: an overview and practical recommendations. Italian Journal Animal Science, 8 (1): 219-230. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s1.219
  • Minero M, Dalla Costa E, Dai F, Lebert D, Scholz P, Lebelt D (2015). Animal welfare indicators: Welfare assessment protocol for horses. The European Animal Welfare Indicators Project. https://doi.org/10.13130/AWIN_HORSES_2015
  • Morgan K, Ehrlemark A, Sallvik K (1997). Dissipation of heat from standing horses exposed to ambient temperatures between -3 °C and 37 °C. Journal of Thermal Biology, 22 (3): 177-186.
  • National Farm Animal Care Council Canada (NFACC) (2018). Code of practice for the care and handling of equines. https://www.nfacc.ca/pdfs/codes/equine_code_of_practice.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • New Zealand Government (2018). Code of welfare horses and donkey. https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/46060-Code-of-Welfare-Horses-and-donkeys (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Norwegian Animal Welfare Act (2011). https://www.animallaw.info/statute/noway-cruelty-norwegian-animal-welfare-act-2010 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Ödber FO, Bouissou MF (1999). The development of equestrianism from the baroque period to the present day and its consequences for the welfare of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 28: 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05152.x
  • Parker R (2007). Equine Science. 3rd ed., Clifton Park, NY: Delmar: Cengage Learning.
  • Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) (2014). RSPCA Policies on animal welfare. https://www.rspca.org.uk/documents/1494939 /7712578/RspcaPolicies.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Schwean K (2005). The welfare of horses: Review of recent literatüre. https://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/rid=1RT8NZSQ1223QPPC1MVG/General%20welfare.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Seabra JC, Dittrich JR, Vale MM (2021). Factors associated with the development and prevalence of abnormal behaviors in horses: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 106: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103750
  • Sommerwille R, Brown AF, Upjohn M (2018). A standardised equine-based welfare assessment tool used for six years in low and middle income countries. PLoS ONE, 13 (2): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192354
  • The Council of The European Union (2005). Council Regulation EC No 1/2005: On the protection of animals during transport and related operations and amending directives 64/432/EEC and 93/119/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1255/97. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2005/1 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • The National Equine Welfare Council (NEWC) (2009). Equine industry welfare guidelines compendium for horses, ponied and donkeys. https://www.donkeys.ie/legislation/Equine-Compendium-09.pdf (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • The United Kingdom Legislation (1949). Docking and nicking of horses act. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/12-13-14/70 (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2011a). Çiftlik hayvanlarının refahına ilişkin yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111223-3.htm (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2011b). Hayvanların nakli sırasında refahı ve korunması yönetmeliği. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111224-2.htm (accessed 2023 January 02).
  • Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2021). Safkan Arap ve İngiliz atlarının soy kütüğü, kayıtları, ithalat ve ihracatı hakkında yönetmelikte değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/06/20210619-5.htm (accessed 2023 January 02).
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section 63-1
Authors

Özlem Gücüyener Hacan This is me 0000-0001-6340-1117

Koray Çelikeloğlu This is me 0000-0002-1610-2226

Serdar Koçak This is me 0000-0002-7832-887X

Mustafa Eser 0000-0003-1542-2989

Zehra Bozkurt Bozkurt This is me 0000-0001-8272-7817

Mustafa Tekerli This is me 0000-0002-8634-1193

İbrahim Kılıç This is me 0000-0003-0595-8771

Early Pub Date July 13, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 63 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gücüyener Hacan, Ö., Çelikeloğlu, K., Koçak, S., Eser, M., et al. (2023). Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia. Livestock Studies, 63(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227
AMA Gücüyener Hacan Ö, Çelikeloğlu K, Koçak S, Eser M, Bozkurt ZB, Tekerli M, Kılıç İ. Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia. Livestock Studies. June 2023;63(1):55-62. doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227
Chicago Gücüyener Hacan, Özlem, Koray Çelikeloğlu, Serdar Koçak, Mustafa Eser, Zehra Bozkurt Bozkurt, Mustafa Tekerli, and İbrahim Kılıç. “Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia”. Livestock Studies 63, no. 1 (June 2023): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227.
EndNote Gücüyener Hacan Ö, Çelikeloğlu K, Koçak S, Eser M, Bozkurt ZB, Tekerli M, Kılıç İ (June 1, 2023) Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia. Livestock Studies 63 1 55–62.
IEEE Ö. Gücüyener Hacan, “Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia”, Livestock Studies, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2023, doi: 10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227.
ISNAD Gücüyener Hacan, Özlem et al. “Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia”. Livestock Studies 63/1 (June 2023), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227.
JAMA Gücüyener Hacan Ö, Çelikeloğlu K, Koçak S, Eser M, Bozkurt ZB, Tekerli M, Kılıç İ. Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia. Livestock Studies. 2023;63:55–62.
MLA Gücüyener Hacan, Özlem et al. “Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia”. Livestock Studies, vol. 63, no. 1, 2023, pp. 55-62, doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.1327227.
Vancouver Gücüyener Hacan Ö, Çelikeloğlu K, Koçak S, Eser M, Bozkurt ZB, Tekerli M, Kılıç İ. Welfare of Horses in Inner West Anatolia. Livestock Studies. 2023;63(1):55-62.
 Download Cover Image