ABSTRACT
This chapter presents urban mobility and logistics challenges with reference to first and last miles (FLM) operations and indicates strategies that have been pursued with little or no positive results. The FLM represents the set of links and services between an existing main transport service and its potential users; however, identifying where the FLM physically starts and ends is complicated. Passenger-freight integration solutions have been tested in a small number of real-life applications, which is mostly because these strategies often fail to be utilised owing to their complexity and the amount of vertical and horizontal coordination required. The capability of performance indicators to capture the potential impacts of integrated passenger-freight transport systems is acknowledged in literature; however, assessment processes through key performance indicators are costly and time-consuming because they require a solid dataset for both conditions. Freight transport on urban rails was commonly used prior to road transportation being developed.
