Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Scopolamine in Hair with Suspended Drop Liquid Phase Microextraction Technique
Mahboubeh Masrournia, Zarrin Es’ haghi, Mostafa Amini
.
 DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.22028   PDF    HTML     5,508 Downloads   10,428 Views   Citations

Abstract

Hair analysis is used in some branches of alternative medicine as a method of investigation to assist diagnosis. It is very useful when a history of drug use is difficult or impossible to obtain. In this re-search suspended droplet liquid phase microextraction (SDLME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used for preconcentration and analysis of scopolamine in hair samples. Therefore scopolamine was extracted from 2.0 g hair sample incubated in methanol (5 h, 50°C) and adjusted to pH 7.4 with, Na2HPO4–H3PO4 buffer solution (donor phase, P1) into an organic phase (P2) 350 µl n-octanol and then back extracted into a micro drop of aqueous acceptor phase (P3), adjusted at pH 3, with HCL. The extraction time, T1 (from P1 to P2) was 2 min and T2 (from P2 to P3) was 30 min. Optimum instrumental conditions were included; A C18 reverse phase column with water-acetonitrile-methanol (80:10:10) as the mobile phase was used and wavelength for UV detec-tion was 205 nm. The linear range was 10 to 10000 ng●mL–1, enrichment factor, detec-tion limit and relative standard deviation were 77, 0.1 ng●mL–1 and 5.4 respectively.

Share and Cite:

M. Masrournia, Z. haghi and M. Amini, "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Scopolamine in Hair with Suspended Drop Liquid Phase Microextraction Technique," American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2011, pp. 235-242. doi: 10.4236/ajac.2011.22028.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] B. Dr?ger, “Analysis of Tropane and Related Alkaloids,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 978, No. 1-2, November 2002, pp. 1-35. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01387-0
[2] J. H. B. Atropine, “Scopolamine and Related Antimuscarinic Drugs,” In: A. Gilman, T. W. Rall, A. S. Nies, P. Taylor, Eds, Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th Edition, Pergamon, New York, 1990, pp. 150-165.
[3] L. Eleore, J. C. López-Ramos, P. J. Yi and J. M. DelgadoGarcía, “The Cognitive Enhancer T-588 Partially Compensates the Motor Associative Learning Impairments Induced by Scopolamine Injection in Mice,” Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol. 121, No. 6, December 2007, pp. 1203-1214.
[4] P. Kintz, M. Villain, J. Evans, M. L. Pujol, G. Salquebre and V. Cirimele, “A Case of Abuse in Which Children were Forced to Take Tablets Containing Scopolamine: Segmental Analysis of Hair for Scopolamine by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,” Forensic Toxicology, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2007, pp. 49-52. doi:10.1007/s11419-007-0026-6
[5] P. Kintz and P. Mangin, “What Constitutes a Positive Result in Hair Analysis: Proposal for the Establishment of Cut-off Values,” Forensic Science International, Vol. 70, No. 1, January 1995, pp. 3-11. doi:10.1016/0379-0738(94)01621-B
[6] H. Sachs, “Theoretical Limits of the Evaluation of Drug Concentrations in Hair Due to Irregular Hair Growth,” Forensic Science International, Vol. 70, No. 1, January 1995, pp. 53-61. doi:10.1016/0379-0738(94)01611-8
[7] Y. Nakahara and R. Kikura, “Hair Analysis for Drugs of Abuse XIX Determination of Ephedrine and Its Homologs in Rat Hair and Human Hair,” Journal of Chromatography B, Vol. 700, No. 1-2, October1997, pp. 83-91. doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00332-0
[8] H. G. Ugland, M. Krog and K. E. Rasmussen, “Liquid-Phase Microextraction as a Sample Preparation Technique Prior to Capillary Gas Chromatographic-Determination of Benzodiazepines in Biological Matrices,” Journal of Chromatography B, Vol. 749, No. 1, November 2000, pp. 85-92. doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00382-0
[9] P. Kintz, M. Villain, Y. Barguil, J. Y. Charlot and V. Cirimele, “Testing for Atropine and Scopolamine in Hair by LC-MS-MS after Datura Inoxia Abuse,” Journal of Analytical Toxicology (JAT), Vol. 30, No. 7, September 2006, pp. 454-457.
[10] M. Ma and F. F. Cantwell, “Solvent Microextraction with Simultaneous Back-Extraction for Sample Cleanup and Preconcentration into a Single Microdrop,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 71, No. 2, December 1999, pp. 388-393.
[11] M. Ma and F. F. Cantwell, “Solvent Microextraction with Simultaneous Back-Extraction for Sample Cleanup and Preconcentration,” Quantitative Extraction Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 70, No. 18, August 1998, pp. 3912-3919. doi:10.1021/ac980174n
[12] L. Yangcheng, L. Quan, L. Guangsheng and D. Youyuan, “Directly Suspended Droplet Microextraction,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 566, No. 2, May 2006, pp. 259-264. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.072
[13] P. Kintz,V. Cirimele, F. Vayssette and P. Mangin, “Hair Analysis for Nordiazepam and Oxazepam by Gas Chromatography-Negative-Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry,” Journal of Chromatography B, Vol. 677, No. 2 March 1996, 241-244. doi:10.1016/0378-4347(95)00444-0
[14] L. Zhao, L. Zhu, H. K. Lee, “Analysis of Aromatic Amines in Water Samples by Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Microextraction with Hollow Fibers and High-Performance liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 963, No. 1-2, July 2002, pp. 239-248. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00544-7
[15] L. Hou and H. K. Lee, “Dynamic Three-Phase Microextraction as a Sample Preparation Technique Prior to Capillary Electrophoresis,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 75, No. 11, April 2003, pp. 2784-2789.
[16] A. Sarafraz-Yazdi and Z. Es’haghi, “Two-Step Hollow Fiber-Based, Liquid-Phase Microextraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: A New Approach to Determination of Aromatic Amines in Water,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1082, No. 2, May 2005, pp. 136-142. doi:10.1002/1615-9314(20010801)24:7<495::AID-JSSC495>3.0.CO;2-B
[17] J?. J??nsson and L. Mathiasson, “Memrane Extraction in Analytical Chemistry,” Journal of Seperation Science, Vol. 24, No. 7, August 2001, pp. 495-507.
[18] A. Sarafraz Yazdia, F. Mofazzeli and Z. Es’haghi, “Determination of 3-Nitroaniline in Water Samples by directly Suspended Droplet Three-Phase Liquid-Phase Microextraction Using 18-Crown-6 Ether and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1216, May 2009, pp. 5086- 5091.
[19] E. Psillakis and N .Kalogerakis, “Developments in Liquid-Phase Microextraction,” Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 22, No. 9, October 2003, pp. 565-574.
[20] S. Palmarsdottir, E. Throdarson, L. E. Edholm and J. A. J?nsson, “Miniaturized Supported Liquid Membrane Device for Selective On-Line Enrichment of Basic Drugs in Plasma Combined with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 69, No. 9, May1997, pp. 1732-1737. doi:10.1021/ac960668p
[21] M. R. Hoffmann, I. Hua and R. H?chemer, “Application of Ultrasonic Irradiation for the Degradation of Chemical Contaminants in Water,” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 3, No. 3, November 1996, pp. S163-172.
[22] E. Psillakis and N. Kalogerakis, “Solid-Phase Microextraction Versus Single-Drop Microextraction for the Analysis of Nitroaromatic Explosives in Water Samples,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 938, No.1-2, 2001, pp. 113-120. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01417-0
[23] G. Shen and H. K. Lee, “Hollow Fiber-Protected Liquid-Phase Microextraction of Triazine Herbicides,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 74, No. 3, February 2002, pp. 648-654.
[24] K. E. Rasmussen, S. Pedersen-Bjergaard, M. Krogh, H. G. Ugland and T Gronhaug, “Development of a Simple Invial Liquid-Phase Microextraction Device for Drug Analysis Compatible with Capillary Gas Chromatography, Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 873, No. 1, March 2000, pp. 3-11. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01163-2
[25] Z. Es’haghi, “Determination of widely Used Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Water Samples by in Situ Derivatization, Continuous Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 641, No. 1-2, May 2009, pp. 83-88. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.043
[26] S. De. Koning, M. Kurano, H. G .Janssen and U. A. T. Brinkman, “AT-Column, a Novel Concentrating Technique for Large-Volume Injections in Gas Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1023, No. 2, January 2004, pp. 165-174. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.031
[27] A. Skulska, M. Ka?a, P. Adamowicz , E. Chudzikiewicz, W. Lechowicz, P. Lek, “Determination of Fentanyl, Atropine and Scopolamine in Biological Material Using LC-MS/APCI Methods,” Przeglad lekarski, Vol. 64, No. 4-5, 2007, pp. 263-267.
[28] M .Nakamura, M. Ono, T. Nakajima, Y. Ito, T. Aketo and J. Haginaka, “Uniformly Sized Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Atropine and Its Application to the Determination of Atropine and Scopolamine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Containing Scopolia Extract,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Vol. 37, No. 2, February 2005, pp. 231-237. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.017
[29] P. A. Steenkamp, N. M. Harding, F. R. van Heerden and B. E. Van Wyk, “Fatal Datura Poisoning: Identification of Atropine and Scopolamine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Photodiode Array/Mass Spectrometry,” Forensic Science International, Vol. 145, No. 1, October 2004, pp. 31-39.
[30] L. Kursinszki, H. Hank, I. László and é. Sz?ke, “Simultaneous Analysis of Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, 6β-hydroxy-hyoscyamine and Apoatropine in Solanaceous Hairy Roots by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1091, No. 1-2, October 2005, pp. 32-35. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.016
[31] G. A. H. Mostafa, “Potentiometric PVC Membrane Sensor for the Determination of Scopolamine in Some Pharmaceutical Formulations,” Analytical Science, Vol. 18, No. 12, September 2002, pp. 1335-1338. doi:10.2116/analsci.18.1335
[32] G. Theodoridis, A. Kantifes, P. Manesiotis, N. Raikos, H. Tsoukali-Papadopoulou, “Preparation of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Scopolamine with Hyoscyamine as a Dummy Template Molecule,” Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 987, No. 1-2, February 2003, pp. 103-109. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)02048-4
[33] A. S. Bahmanzadegana and F. Sonboli, “Determination of Hyoscyamine and Scopolamine in Four Hyoscyamus Species from Iran A,” Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009, pp. 65-70.
[34] A. Sarafraz Yazdi and Z. Es’haghi, “Liquid–Liquid–Liquid Phase Microextraction of Aromatic Amines in Water Using Crown Ethers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Monolithic Column,” Talanta, Vol. 66, No. 3, January 2005, pp. 664-669. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2004.12.026

Journals Menu
Follow SCIRP
Contact us
+1 323-425-8868
customer@scirp.org
WhatsApp +86 18163351462(WhatsApp)
Click here to send a message to me 1655362766
Paper Publishing WeChat

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.