Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2288-3886
eISSN 2288-3959
    Korean J Nutr. 2009 Jun;42(4):366-373. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2009.
    https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.4.366
    © 2009 The Korean Nutrition Society
    Original Article

    Application of Dietary Reference Intakes for Codex Nutrient Reference Values

    Hyojee Joung,1 Jin-Sook Yoon,2 Seul Ki Choi,1 Sangah Shin,1 Young-Sun Choi,3 Oran Kwon,4 and Namsoo Chang4
      • 1Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
      • 2Department of Food & Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
      • 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea.
      • 4Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Ewha Womens University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
    • To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Email: hjjoung@snu.ac.kr )
    Received February 12, 2009; Revised April 14, 2009; Accepted May 13, 2009.

    Abstract

    Codex Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) were based on the 1988 Helsinki report and a single set of NRVs was established for the general population over 3 years for the purpose of food labeling in 1993. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) with new concepts were developed in many countries recently. Hence there has been broad discussion regarding establishment of new NRVs using DRIs, which include estimated average requirement (EAR), recommended intake (RI or RDA), adequate intake (AI), and tolerable upper intake level (UL) in the world. This study was carried out to review various possible values for Codex NRVs such as population-weighted EAR, population-weighted RDA, and population-based RDA. The values were simulated using DRIs and population distribution of Korea, USA, Japan, Philippines, Germany and England, and compared to the current Codex values and the highest RDA and the lowest UL among populations with different life-stage. Since population weighted/based values are necessary to be updated according to the population changes and are different across countries, inconsistency can be a serious barrier in international transactions. For some of nutrients such as vitamin A and zinc, values based on population-based RDA or the highest RDA were higher than the lowest UL. Therefore, careful considerations should be given before establishing Codex NRVs.

    Keywords
    Codex NRVs; population weight/based DRIs

    Tables

    Table 1
    Calculation process of population weighted/based DRI values

    Table 2
    Dietary Reference Intakes Used by Various Countries and Groups

    Table 3
    Calculations of population weighted values for NRVs using DRIs for Korean and the Korean population

    Table 4
    Calculated available DRIs for protein and vitamin A NRVs using their DRIs and populations

    Table 5
    Calculated DRIs for Korean using foreign populations

    Notes

    This research was supported by grants from Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA2007-9214)

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    MeSH Terms
    Demography
    Ear
    England
    Food Labeling
    Germany
    Japan
    Korea
    Nutrition Policy
    Philippines
    Reference Values
    Vitamin A
    Zinc
    Metrics
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