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Operational mark–release–recapture field tests comparing competitiveness of wild and differentially mass-reared codling moths from the Okanagan–Kootenay sterile insect program

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2012

Gary J.R. Judd ,
Scott Arthur ,
Keith Deglow  and
Mark G.T. Gardiner
Gary J.R. Judd*
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
Scott Arthur
Affiliation:
Okanagan–Kootenay Sterile Insect Rearing Facility, Buena Vista Industrial Park11401 115th Street, Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1V5
Keith Deglow
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
Mark G.T. Gardiner
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: Gary.Judd@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Pheromone trap catches and mating activity of sterile, mass-reared, diapaused and non-diapaused male codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were compared with those of wild diapaused males using mark–release–recapture field experiments in springtime. Sterile moths were provided by the Okanagan–Kootenay Sterile Insect Release (SIR) Program mass-rearing facility, in Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada. Nondiapause-reared (SIR-standard) and diapause-reared (SIR-diapaused) sterile males were recaptured in similar frequencies. Both types of sterile males were recaptured significantly less often than similarly released wild diapaused males, and ratios of recaptured sterile to wild males were similar with either sterile male. Ratios of sterile to wild males, using the combined catches of SIR-standard and SIR-diapaused males, were significantly lower when measured with traps baited with wild-females (21:1) than with traps baited with 10 μg pheromone (48:1). Both trapping ratios were markedly lower than the 80:1 ratio at which sterile and wild males were released. In mating studies, SIR-standard and SIR-diapaused males exhibited equivalent mating frequencies and both were recaptured in copula with tethered wild females significantly less often than released wild males. In the same mating studies, sterile mass-reared, diapaused males that had been chilled for 3 h at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC) before release (PARC-diapaused) were significantly more competitive than SIR-standard or SIR-diapaused males that averaged 24 h of chilling as part of normal SIR Program operations. PARC-diapaused males and released wild males mated with tethered females with equal frequency. We hypothesize that the length of time SIR males were chilled before being released may have caused SIR-diapaused males to be less mobile, and therefore less competitive with wild males in field mating assays, than were PARC-diapaused males. Based on these results, introduction of a diapause phase into the mass-rearing system used at the Osoyoos facility cannot currently be recommended as a means of improving trap-measured ratios of sterile to wild males, or increasing sterile × wild matings.

Résumé

Dans des expériences de marquage–libération–recapture en nature au printemps, nous avons comparé les captures au piège à phéromones et l'activité reproductrice chez des carpocapses de la pomme, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), stériles, produits par élevage intensif, après diapause et sans diapause à celles de mâles sauvages ayant terminé leur diapause. Les papillons stériles provenaient de l'installation d'élevage intensif du programme de Libération d'insectes stériles (SIR) d'Okanagan-Kootenay à Osoyoos, Colombie-Britannique, Canada. Les mâles stériles élevés sans diapause (SIR-standard) et avec diapause (SIR-diapause) ont été recapturés à des fréquences semblables. Les deux types de mâles stériles ont été recapturés significativement moins fréquemment que des mâles sauvages après diapause libérés de la même manière; le rapport entre les recaptures de mâles stériles et de mâles sauvages sont semblables chez les deux types de mâles stériles. Les rapports de mâles stériles et sauvages, basés sur les captures combinées de mâles SIR-standard et SIR-diapause, sont significativement plus bas dans les pièges munis de femelles sauvages (21:1) que dans ceux contenant 10 μg de phéromone (48:1). Les deux rapports de capture sont beaucoup plus bas que le rapport de 80:1 de libération des mâles stériles et sauvages. Dans les études d'accouplement, les mâles SIR-standard et SIR-diapause affichent des fréquences d'accouplement équivalentes et les deux ont été recapturés accouplés à des femelles sauvages en suspension par un fil significativement moins fréquemment que les mâles sauvages libérés. Lors des mêmes études d'accouplement, des mâles stériles, d'élevages intensifs et ayant complété la diapause (PARC-diapause) soumis à un refroidissement de 3 h au Pacific Agri-food Research Centre (PARC) avant leur libération sont significativement plus compétitifs que des mâles SIR-standard ou SIR-diapause qui ont subi un refroidissement moyen de 24 h dans le cadre des opérations normales du programme SIR. Les mâles PARC-diapause et les mâles sauvages libérés se sont accouplés avec des femelles en suspension à des fréquences égales. Nous croyons que la durée de l'exposition au froid des mâles SIR avant leur libération peut avoir rendu les mâles SIR-diapause moins mobiles et ainsi moins compétitifs que les mâles PARC-diapause dans les tests d'accouplement en nature par rapport aux mâles sauvages. D'après ces résultats, on ne peut recommander l'introduction d'une diapause dans le système d'élevage intensif utilisé dans l'installation d'Osoyoos comme moyen d'améliorer les rapports des mâles stériles et sauvages dans les pièges ni pour augmenter les accouplements stériles × sauvages.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 143 , Issue 3 , June 2011 , pp. 300 - 316
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2011

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