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Toward management guidelines for the soybean aphid in Quebec. I. Feeding damage in relationship to seasonality of infestation and incidence of native predators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Marc Rhainds ,
Michèle Roy ,
Gaétan Daigle  and
Jacques Brodeur
Marc Rhainds*
Affiliation:
Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
Michèle Roy
Affiliation:
Pêcheries et Alimentation Québec, Direction de l'innovation scientifique et technologique, Complexe scientifique, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, Québec, Canada G1P 3W8
Gaétan Daigle
Affiliation:
Département de mathématiques et de statistique, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
Jacques Brodeur
Affiliation:
Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: mrhainds@purdue.edu).
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Abstract

A study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 to test the hypotheses that the severity of damage caused by the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is minimized by the activity of predators and declines with the maturity of soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), at the time of infestation. In caged subplots where predators were excluded, aphids attained a high density following experimental infestation of soybeans, resulting in severe reductions of yield, particularly when plants were infested early in the season. A guild of generalist predators consisting predominantly of ladybird beetles colonized plants in uncaged subplots, resulting in a low rate of population growth following infestation of soybeans with aphids and a relatively weak impact on the soybean yield. The soybean yield declined as the density of aphids (number per plant), and the maturity of soybeans at the time of infestation, increased. Our results suggest that A. glycines represents an occasional pest of soybean in Quebec, because of (i) temporal asynchrony between the late-season infestation by aphids and the most susceptible phenological stage of soybeans (vegetative or flowering) and (ii) biological control by natural enemies.

Résumé

Une étude réalisée en 2004 et 2005 a testé les hypothèses que l'intensité des dommages causés par Aphis glycines (Hemiptera : Aphididae) est minimizée par l'action des prédateurs généralistes, et qu'elle diminue avec la maturité du soya, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), au moment de l'infestation. Dans des parcelles sous cage où les prédateurs étaient exclus, les pucerons ont atteint des densités élevées suite aux infestations expérimentales, ce qui s'est traduit par des pertes considérables de rendement, surtout lorsque les plants avaient été infestés tôt en saison. Une communauté de prédateurs généralistes, essentiellement des coccinelles, a colonizé les plants de soya dans les parcelles sans cage, ce qui s'est traduit par un faible taux de croissance des populations de puceron suivant les infestations expérimentales, ainsi que par un impact relativement faible du puceron sur le rendement du soya. Le rendement du soya a diminué avec des densités accrues de pucerons, et les réductions de rendement étaient plus importantes lorsque les infestations avaient lieu tôt en saison. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'en dépit de son abondance dans les champs de soya, A. glycines représente un ravageur occasionnel au Québec, dû à (i) une asynchronie temporelle entre la colonization tardive par les pucerons et les stades phénologiques du soya les plus sensibles au dommage (stade végétatif et début de formation des gousses) et (ii) un contrôle biologique exercé par les ennemis naturels.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 139 , Issue 5 , October 2007 , pp. 728 - 741
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2007

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