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EVALUATION OF ICE-NUCLEATING MICROORGANISMS FOR REDUCING THE SUPERCOOLING CAPACITY AND COLD-HARDINESS OF CACOPSYLLA PYRICOLA (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Richard E. Lee Jr. ,
Jacqueline D. Litzgus ,
John A. Mugnano ,
Marcia R. Lee ,
David R. Horton  and
John Dunley
Richard E. Lee Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA 45056
Jacqueline D. Litzgus
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA 45056
John A. Mugnano
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA 45056
Marcia R. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA 45056
David R. Horton
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, Washington, USA 98951
John Dunley
Affiliation:
Tree Fruit Research Center, Washington State University, 1100 North Western Ave., Wenatchee, Washington, USA 98801
*
1Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: leere@muohio.edu).
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Abstract

In laboratory studies, suspensions of killed and live ice-nucleating microorganisms were used to decrease the supercooling capacity of the winter form of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Dry, untreated adults supercooled extensively before they froze at −22.7 °C. Application of 1000 ppm of a preparation of the killed ice-nucleating bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall 1902 (Pseudomonadaceae), significantly decreased the adults’ supercooling capacity causing some individuals to freeze at temperatures as high as −3.9 °C. Topical application of several live microorganisms also reduced the supercooling capacity of adults significantly; Pseudomonas putida (Trevisan 1989) was the most effective, causing more than 80% of C. pyricola adults to freeze at −15 °C or higher. Furthermore, the temperature of crystallization of adults treated with P. putida remained significantly higher than controls for at least lid post-treatment. Application of ice-nucleating microorganisms also reduced the capacity of adults to survive short-term exposure to high subzero temperatures comparable to a mild frost. Realization of this approach for biological control of pear psylla will require the development of methods for the delivery of microorganisms to overwintering adults under field conditions.

Résumé

Au cours d’études en laboratoire, des suspensions de microorganismes morts ou vivants capables de déclencher la formation de cristaux de glace, ont été utilisées pour réduire la capacité de surfusion de la forme d’hiver de la Psylle du poirier, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Hemiptera : Psyllidae). Des adultes secs, non traités, ont subi une importante période de surfusion avant de geler à −22,7 °C. L’application de 1000 ppm d’une préparation de bactéries mortes, Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall 1902 (Pseudomonadaceae), a diminué significativement la capacité de surfusion des adultes et certains ont gelé dès que la température a atteint −3,9 °C. Une application localisée de plusieurs microorganismes vivants a également résulté en une réduction significative de la capacité de surfusion des adultes. Pseudomonas putida (Trevisan 1889) s’est avéré le microorganisme le plus efficace, causant le gel de plus de 80% des adultes de C. pyricola à −15 °C ou à des températures plus élevées. De plus, la température de cristallisation des adultes traités au moyen de P. putida est restée significativement plus élevée que celle des témoins durant au moins 11 jours. L’application de microorganismes capables de provoquer la formation de cristaux de glace a également réduit la capacité des adultes de C. psylla de survivre à de courtes expositions à des températures légèrement sous zéro comparables à celles qui prévalent au cours d’un gel léger. L’utilisation de cette approche dans la lutte contre la Psylle du poirier suppose la mise au point de méthodes pour mettre en contact les microorganismes et les adultes de la forme d’hiver de la psylle sur le terrain.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 131 , Issue 6 , December 1999 , pp. 715 - 723
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1999

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